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March Incident (三月事件, Sangatsu Jiken^?) was an abortive coup d'état attempt in Japan, in March 1931, launched by the Sakura Kai secret society within the Imperial Japanese Army, aided by civilian ultranationalist groups.

The March Incident of 1931 may be traced back to the autumn of 1930, when the foundation of the Sakura Kai (Cherry Society) by Japanese Army Lieutenant Colonel Kingoro Hashimoto and Captain Isamu Cho. The cherry blossom was symbolic of self-sacrifice, and was a symbol used by the military to symbolize the fleeting life of a soldier. The avowed goal of the Sakura Kai was political reform through elimination of corrupt party politics and the establishment of a totalitarian state socialist government run by the military. The new government would rid the country of corrupt politics, unfair distribution of wealth in the zaibatsu and perceived degenerative influences corrupting Japan's public morals.

The March Incident involved a three-phase plan drafted by General Koiso Kuniaki:

1. Massive riots would be instigated in Tokyo, which would cause the government to call-out troops and proclaim martial law

2. The Imperial Japanese Army would execute a coup d'etat and seize power

3. A new Cabinet would be formed under the premiership of the then-War Minister, General Kazushige Ugaki.

The project was underwritten by a 200,000 Yen donation by Tokugawa Yoshichika, ultrarightist member of the House of Peers, son of the last daimyo of Nagoya, founder of the Tokugawa Art Museum, Nagoya and Emperor Showa’s second cousin.

Ultrarightist civilian organizations led by Kanichiro Kamei and Okawa Shumei, fomented commotion outside the Japanese Diet Building in Tokyo late in February 1931. However, due to logistics difficulties, the disturbance failed to attract enough people, and the hoped-for riot failed to occur.

Okawa wrote Ugaki on 3 March 1931, explaining the plot and demanding the call-out of troops and action on the general's part. Ugaki, either lukewarm from the start, or having a change in heart after seeing the failure of the riot to take off in February, refused to cooperate.

The plotters attempted again to start a riot again on 17 March 1931 (two days before the coup d'état was to take place), but again the projected 10,000 rioters failed to materialize, and the leaders were this time arrested and the whole affair disintegrated.

Ugaki intervened to hush up the whole collapsed affair, and ensured that the plotters received very mild punishments. This had the end result of encouraging more attempts by elements of the military to intervene in politics, and was also to taint Ugaki's bid for the office of Prime Minister in the future.