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55 Days at Peking
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| 55 Days at Peking | |
|---|---|
 The characters (L to R) are Maj. Matt Lewis (Charlton Heston), Baroness Natalie Ivanoff (Ava Gardner), and Sir Arthur Robertson (David Niven) |
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| Directed by | Nicholas Ray |
| Produced by | Samuel Bronston |
| Written by | Philip Yordan Bernard Gordon Robert Hamer Ben Barzman |
| Starring | Charlton Heston Ava Gardner David Niven Flora Robson John Ireland Leo Genn Robert Helpmann Kurt Kasznar Paul Lukas |
| Music by | Dimitri Tiomkin |
| Cinematography | Jack Hildyard |
| Editing by | Robert Lawrence |
| Distributed by | Allied Artists Pictures Corporation |
| Release date(s) |  29 May 1963 |
| Running time | Runtime: 150 min |
| Country | USA |
| Language | English |
| Budget | US $17,000,000 |
| All Movie Guide profile | |
| IMDb profile | |
55 Days at Peking is a 1963 historical epic film made by Samuel Bronston Productions and released by Allied Artists. It was produced by Samuel Bronston and directed by Nicholas Ray, Andrew Marton (credited as the second unit director) and Guy Green (uncredited). The screenplay was by Philip Yordan, Bernard Gordon, Ben Barzman and Robert Hamer, the music score by Dimitri Tiomkin and the cinematography by Jack Hildyard.
The large cast was toplined by Charlton Heston, Ava Gardner and David Niven. In addition to directing, Nicholas Ray plays the minor role of the head of the American diplomatic mission in China. This film is also the first known appearance of future martial arts film star Yuen Siu Tien.
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55 Days at Peking is a dramatization of the Boxer Rebellion which took place in 1900 China. Fed up by foreign encroachment, the Dowager Empress Tzu-Hsi uses the Boxer secret societies to attack the foreigners within China, culminating in the siege of the foreign legations' compounds in Beijing. The film concentrates on the defense of the legations from the point of view of the foreign powers, and the title refers to the length of the defense by the colonial powers of the legations district of Peking (now Beijing). The film, however, gives little background on how the various colonial powers exerted influence over China, nor of the humiliating military defeats suffered during the Opium Wars, a great source of outrage that drove many Chinese to violence.
The foreign embassies in Peking are being held in a grip of terror as the Boxers set about massacring Christians in an anti-Christian nationalistic fever. Major Matt Lewis (Charlton Heston) heads an army of multinational soldiers making its way to Peking. Inside the besieged compound, the British ambassador (David Niven) gathers the beleaguered ambassadors into a defensive formation. Included in the group of high-level dignitaries is the sultry Russian Baroness Natalie Ivanoff (Ava Gardner) who begins a romantic liaison with Lewis. As Lewis and the group conserve food and water and try to save some hungry children, they await the arrival of expected reinforcements, but the wily Empress Tzu Hsi (Flora Robson) is, in the meantime, plotting with the Boxers to break the siege at the compound with the aid of Chinese recruits.
- Charlton Heston - Maj. Matt Lewis
- Ava Gardner - Baroness Natalie Ivanoff
- David Niven - Sir Arthur Robinson
- Flora Robson - Dowager Empress Tsu Hzi
- John Ireland - Sergeant Harry
- Leo Genn - Gen. Jung-Lu
- Harry Andrews - Father de Bearn
- Robert Helpmann - Prince Tuan
- Ichizo Itami - Col. Shiba
- Kurt Kasznar - Baron Sergei Ivanoff
- Philippe Leroy - Julliard
- Paul Lukas - Dr. Steinfeldt
- Lynne Sue Moon - Teresa
- Elizabeth Sellars - Lady Sarah Robertson
- Massimo Serato - Garibaldi
- Jacques Sernas - Maj. Bobrinski
- Jerome Thor - Lt. Andy Marshall
- Geoffrey Bayldon - Smythe
- Joseph Furst - Capt. Hanselman
- Walter Gotell - Capt. Hoffman
- Alfred Lynch - Gerald
- Alfredo Mayo - Spanish Minister
- Martin Miller - Hugo Bergmann
- Jose Nieto - Italian Minister
- Eric Pohlmann - Baron von Meck
- Aram Stephan - Gaumaire
- Robert Urquhart - Capt. Hanley
- R.S.M. Ronald Brittain - Sgt. Britten
- Felix Defauce - Dutch Minister
- Andre Eszterhazy - Austrian Minister
- Carlos Casaravilla - Japanese Minister
- Fernando Sancho - Belgian Minister
- Michael Chow - Chiang
- Mitchell Kowal - U.S. Marine
- John Moulder-Brown
- John A. Tinn
- Mervyn Johns - Clergyman
- Andy Ho
- George Wang - Boxer Chief
- Stephen Young
- Nicholas Ray - U.S. Minister (chief diplomatic representative)
The film received two Academy Award nominations for Dimitri Tiomkin (Best Song and Original Music Score.
55 Days at Peking was filmed in Technicolor and Technirama, which involved the horizontal use of 35-millimeter film, resulting in 70-millimeter printed film format. The aspect ratio was 2.20:1, with the image viewed at 2.35:1 on 35-millimeter prints. DVD release came on February 28, 2001, nearly thirty-eight years after the film's premiere
- The film maintains a certain curiosity value for cinephiles due to its credited director Nicholas Ray. Best known for his 1955 movie Rebel Without a Cause, starring James Dean, Ray was a tortured individual at the time of the production of 55 Days at Peking, somewhat akin to the Dean persona he helped to create for Rebel. Paid a very high salary by producer Samuel Bronston to direct 55 Days, Ray had an inkling that taking on the project, a massive epic, would mean the end of him and that he would never direct another film again. The premonition proved correct when Ray collapsed on the set, half-way through the shooting. Unable to resume working (the film was finished by Andrew Marton and Guy Green), he never received another directorial assignment. In the final months of his life, he collaborated with Wim Wenders, on the 1979 feature Lightning Over Water aka Nick's Film/Nick's Movie, which recorded his last moments.
- According to the writer and critic Stephen Teo, the opening scene of 55 Days at Peking, showing various Western powers causing a din in the Peking marketplace by playing their respective national anthems, was "quoted" by the Hong Kong director Tsui Hark in his 1991 film Once Upon a Time in China (Chinese title: Huang Feihong)[1]
- The film was shot in the vicinity of Madrid, and most of the Chinese residents of Spain, and some from other parts of Europe were hired as extras.
- ^ see Teo's essay "Tsui Hark: National Style and Polemic" in Yau, Esther C. M. (ed.). At Full Speed: Hong Kong Cinema in a Borderless World, page 158. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press.