List of monarchs who lost their thrones or abdicated in the 20th century

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following monarchs either lost their thrones through deposition by a coup d'état, by a referendum which abolished their throne, or chose to abdicate during the 20th century. A list of surviving former monarchs appears at the end of the article.

See also: Abolished monarchy, List of current monarchs

Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Surviving monarchs from abolished monarchies

  • Sultan Kehalarat Deelat Nyang Meuha Meulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Berdaulat Zilulahil Filalam Alaudin Muhammad Daud Shah (His Majesty Sultan Muhammad Daud Shah) surrendered to the Netherlands following the arrest of the Queen and Queen Mother in 1903.

  • Malam Awwal Ibrahim, emir of Abuja, deposed or abdicated 1994, restored 2000.

  • Muhammad Nkochi Attahiru, emir of Agaie, deposed 1994, restored 2001.

  • Duke Joachim Ernst abdicated at the end of World War I in 1918.

  • Emperor Karl was deposed as Emperor of Austria in 1918.

  • Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Shrimant Maharaja Sir Pratapsinhrao Gaekwad, Sena Khas Khel Shamsher Bahadur, Maharaja of Baroda, deposed 1951.

  • Maharaja Shri Brijendra Sawai Brijendra Singhji Bahadur Bahadur Jang, Maharaja of Bharatpur was deposed in 1971.

  • Sikander Saulat, Iftikhar ul-Mulk, Nawab Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Bhopal, abdicated in 1926.

  • La Pawowoni Karaeng Segeri Arumpone of Bone was deposed in 1905.
  • Haji Andi La Mappanjuki Karaeng Silayar Sri Sultan Ibrahim ibnu Sultan Husain Arumpone of Bone abdicated 1946, was restored 1950, and reigned again until 1960.
  • Andi Pabenteng Arumpone of Bone was deposed in 1950.

  • Warren Thunder, chief of Buffalo Point, deposed 1969, died 1973.

  • William Wilberforce Kadhumbula Nadiope III, omukama of Bugabula, deposed by the Ugandan government in 1967, died 1973

  • Ndagara, Omukama of Buhweju, deposed 1901.

  • Sri Ratu Anak Agung g Nyoman Panji Tisna Raja of Buleleng abdicated 1947 and was reinstalled in 1950.
  • Sri Ratu Anak Agung Panji Sakti II Raja of Buleleng abdicated in 1950.

  • Emir Mohammed Alim Khan was deposed in 1920 when his lands were taken over by Bolsheviks.

  • William Wilberforce Kadhumbula Nadiope III, Isebantu Kyabazinga of Busoga, deposed by the Ugandan Government in 1967.

  • King Norodom Sihanouk abdicated in 1955, then served in various important positions, including prime minister and head of state, intermittently until 1976, and was eventually restored to the kingship in 1993.
  • Queen Sisowath Monivong Kossamak was deposed in 1970 with the coup that ended the regime of Prince Norodom Sihanouk. The monarchy was restored in 1993 with Sihanouk (who had previously reigned from 1941 to 1955) as King.
  • King Norodom Sihanouk abdicated again in 2004.

  • Bua Laphan Ratsadany, prince of Champasak 1900–1904, was deposed when the principality was abolished on November 22, 1904.

  • Xuantong Emperor (Puyi) was forced to abdicate in 1912 following a Republican revolution.
  • Yuan Shikai (reigned as the self-proclaimed Hongxian Emperor) abdicated in 1916, a few months before his death, and lasting only 83 days on the throne.

  • Violet Pachanos chief of Chisabibi 1989-1995 ,deposed or abdicated 1995,restored 1999,reigned until 2001.

  • Duke-elect (and German Emperor) William II was deposed following the end of World War I in 1918.

  • The Axis puppet King Tomislav II (Prince Aimone of Savoy, Duke of Spoleto), who had never actually reigned, abdicated in 1943, when Italy made peace with the Allies.

  • Rama Varma (1895-1914): He was rewarded with K.C.S.I, G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E. It was during his reign that the railway line from Shornur was extended to Cochin. He resigned in 1914 due to differences with British Empire. He died in January 1932 (1107 Makaram 16th). He is known as Ozinja Vallia Thampuran (Abdicated Highness, aka Rajarshi).

  • Kshatriya Kulavatana Sena Sapta Sahasri Senapati Pratinidhi, Meherban Shrimant Maharaja Sir Vikramsinhrao Tukojirao (Nana Sahib) Puar, Maharaja of Dewas, abdicated in 1947.

  • King Farouk abdicated in 1952 in favor of his infant son Fuad II, who was deposed the next year when Egypt became a republic. (Farouk died 1965; Fuad is still living as of 2007.)

  • Emperor Iyasu V was deposed 1916 for suspected conversion to the Muslim faith.
  • Emperor Haile Selassie was deposed following the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1936, and restored in 1941. He was deposed again during communist revolution in 1975.
  • Emperor Amha Selassie I, briefly emperor 1974–1975, was deposed by the abolition of the monarchy. see here, http://www.ethiopiancrown.org/crown.htm

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen of Gambia when the country became a republic in 1970.

  • Emperor William II was deposed following Germany's defeat in World War I in 1918.

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1960.

  • Le'ul-Ras Hailu Takla-Haymaynot, prince of Gojjam, was deposed 1932.

  • Andi Ijo Daeng Mattawang Karaeng Lalolang Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad 'Abdu'l Kadir Aid ud-din ibnu Sultan Muhammad Tahir Muhib ud-din, Sultan of Gowa, was deposed by the Indonesian republic in 1960.

  • King Constantine I was deposed in 1917 but returned to the throne in 1920.
  • King Constantine I abdicated in 1922.
  • King George II went into exile in 1923 and was deposed in 1924 by a referendum abolishing monarchy but returned to the throne in 1935; he was again exiled in 1941, but returned in 1946.
  • King Constantine II was exiled in 1967 and was deposed by another referendum abolishing monarchy in 1973 (and re-run in 1974).

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1970.

  • King Ali of Hejaz, deposed by Saudi Military forces in 1925.

  • King Charles IV (Emperor Charles I of Austria) lost his throne when a republic was established in 1918. Following the restoration of the Hungarian monarchy in 1920, he was refused permission to assume residency and constitutional functions in the Kingdom by the Regent of Hungary. Charles died in exile in 1922. His son Otto succeeded him in his claims but, like his father, was not allowed to enter the Kingdom or assume constitutional functions, and was not recognized as king. The Kingdom of Hungary was abolished by communists following World War II.

  • Musinga, Omukama of Igara, deposed 1901.

  • King George VI of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India, ceased to be Emperor in 1947, when India gained its independence, and ceased to be King of India in 1950, when India became a republic.

  • All the several hundred princely states (with a few exceptions) were abolished upon India's independence in 1947.

  • King George VI ceased to be King when the country became a republic in 1949.

  • Sri Paduka Ratu Anak Agung Gusti Gedé Jelantik, Regent and Stedehouder of Karangasem, abdicated in 1908.
  • Sri Paduka Ratu Anak Agung Agung Anglurah Ketut Karangasem, Raja of the State of Karangasem, abdicated in 1950.
  • Sri Paduka Ratu Anak Agung Agung Ngurah Ketut Karangasem, Raja of the State of Karangasem, reigned briefly in 1950. Karangasem was annexed by Indonesia in 1950 but he continued to reign as a nominal Raja till his death in 1991.

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be queen when Kenya became a republic in 1964.

  • Khan Abd Allah Khan was deposed 1920; his lands were taken over by Bolsheviks.

  • Sharif 'Abbas ibni al-Marhum Sharif Hasan 'Ali al-Idrus, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Kubu, was deposed in 1911.
  • Sharif Muhammad Zainal Idrus ibni al-Marhum Sharif Ismail al-Idrus, Tuan Besar of Kubu, abdicated in 1921.
  • Sharif Salih ibni al-Marhum Idrus al-Idrus, Tuan Besar of Kubu, was deposed by the Japanese in 1943.
  • Sharif Hasan ibni al-Marhum Sharif Muhammad Zainal Idrus al-Idrus, Tuan Besar of Kubu, was deposed by the Indonesian

  • Raja Don Ote Nicolaas Isu Nisnoni, Raja of Kupang, abdicated in 1945.
  • Raja Don Obe Alfonsus Nisnoni, Raja of Kupang, was deposed by the Indonesian republic in 1960.

  • Sri Paduka Sultan Aji Muhammad Parikesit al-Adil Khalifat ul-Muminin, Sultan of Kutai Karta Negara, was deposed by the Indonesian government in 1960.

  • Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, T'ung-ling- ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lambjang and Kaski 1932–1945, abdicated on November 29, 1945.
  • Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Maharaja of Lambjang and Kaski 1945–1948, abdicated in 1948.
  • Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Mohan Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana Maharaja of Lambjang and Kaski 1948–1951, was deprived of all the hereditary offices and privileges conferred on Jung Bahadur in 1857 on February 18, 1951.

  • King Moshoeshoe II was deposed in 1990 and reinstated in 1995.
  • King Letsie III took the throne upon his father's, Moshoeshoe II, deposition in 1990. He was later deposed in favor of his father (1995), and then reclaimed the throne on his father's death in 1996.

  • Paduka Sri Sultan 'Abdu'l-Rahman II Mu'azzam Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja Muhammad Yusuf al-Mahdi, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Lingga, Riau, was deposed in absentia in 1911.

  • The German puppet King Mindaugas II of Lithuania (William, Duke of Urach, Count of Württemberg) was deposed following the end of the First World War in 1918.

  • Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde was forced to abdicate in 1919 due to political issues.
  • Her sister and successor Grand Duchess Charlotte also abdicated, in 1964.
  • Charlotte's son and successor Grand Duke Jean abdicated in favour of his son Henri in 2000.

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be queen when the country became a republic in 1966.

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be queen when the country became a republic in 1974.

  • Emperor Puyi was deposed in 1945.

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen of Mauritius following a 1992 referendum.

  • The last Grand Duke, Adolf Friedrich VI, committed suicide in February 1918. From then until the abolition of the monarchy in 1918, the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin acted as regent.

  • Shaikh Khaz'al Khan ibn Haji Jabir Khan Sardar-i-Aqdas, Shaikh of Mohammerah 1897-1924. Deposed 1924 by Reza Shah, died 1936.

  • King Nicholas was deposed after the First World War, when Montenegro became part of Yugoslavia.

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1963.

  • King Oscar II was replaced in 1905, ending the Swedish-Norwegian personal union.

  • Grand Duke Frederick Augustus was deposed in 1918.

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen of Pakistan when it became a republic in 1956.

  • Prince Alchibiades I abdicated in 1942.
  • Prince Nicholas I abdicated in 1942.
  • Prince Julius I was deposed in 1943 by Germany.

  • The portion of Poland formerly ruled by Russia was occupied by Germany and Austria in 1915 and proclaimed an independent kingdom in 1916. Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria was named King-elect, but the nation was declared a republic without ever actually having had a King in the 20th century.

  • King Manuel II fled following a revolution in 1910. Portugal became a Republic.

  • King William II (also German Emperor) was overthrown from the Prussian and German thrones after World War I.

  • Prince Henry XXIV was deposed in 1918.

  • Prince Henry XXVII was deposed in 1918.

  • King Michael I was removed as king in favor of his father Carol II in 1930.
  • King Carol II abdicated in 1940.
  • King Michael was deposed again by the communist-dominated government in 1947.

  • Makobore, omukama of Rujumbrura, deposed 1901.

  • Emperor Nicholas II abdicated after the February Revolution of 1917, as did his named successor, his brother Grand Duke Michael (possibly known for a very short time as Michael II). Both Nicholas II and Michael separately were later murdered, as was all of Nicholas II's family in 1918 (see the House of Romanov). The monarchy was abolished and replaced by a Russian republic under Lenin, which in 1922 became the Soviet Union.

  • Duke Ernst II was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.

  • Duke Charles Edward was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.

  • Duke Bernhard III was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.

  • Grand Duke William Ernest was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.

  • King Frederick Augustus III was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.

  • Prince Adolf II was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.

  • Prince Günther was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.

  • King Peter I became instead King of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in 1918.

  • Paduka Sri Sultan Tuanku Sulaiman Sharif ul-'Alam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Bashar un-din [Al-Marhum Perbaungan], Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Serdang, was deposed in 1946.

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1971.

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when South Africa became a republic in 1961.

  • King Alfonso XIII fled following republican wins in local elections in 1931. (The monarchy was restored in 1975 under his grandson, King Juan Carlos.)

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1972.

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be queen when the country became a republic in 1962.

  • Tenzin Gyatso was forced to flee from Tibet in 1959 because of the Chinese occupation. He retains the title of Dalai Lama.

  • Le'ul Ras Seyum Mangasha, prince of Tigray, was deposed in 1921 and reinstalled in 1941.

  • Rukirabasaija Patrick David Matthew Koboyo Olimi III was deposed by the abolition of the Ugandian kingdoms on September 8, 1967.

  • Maharaja Raja Ramaraja Sri Patmanabha Dasa Vanchi Pala Bala Rama Varma II (Sri Chithira Tirunal), Kulasekhara Kiritapati Manney Sultan Bahadur, Shamsher Jang, Maharaja of Travancore, signed the instrument of accession to the Dominion of India, 15th August 1947, ending the executive political role of his monarchy. Merged his state with Cochin and served as Rajpramukh of the Travancore-Cochin Union from 1 July 1949 until 31 October 1956. Deprived of his princely rank, titles and honours by the republican federal government of India on 28th December 1971.

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1976.

  • Chief Fundikira III, Ntemi of Unyanyembe, deposed by Tanzania in 1962.

  • Emperor Bao Dai abdicated in 1945 when communists seized control of the nation. Following the Geneva accords, Vietnam was partitioned and Bao Dai became Head of State (Quoc Truong) of the French controlled areas of Vietnam. He was never restored as emperor, and in 1955 was removed from office via referendum.

  • Haji Andi Mangkona Datu Marioriwawo, Aru Matowa of Wajo, abdicated 1949.

(Zanzibar was later united with Tanganyika, and Tanzania was formed)


  • Queen Elizabeth II of Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Kenya, Malawi, Malta, Mauritius, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, and Uganda (b.1926)


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