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Abdul Alhazred is a fictional character created by American horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. He is the so-called "Mad Arab" credited with authoring the imaginary occult book Kitab al-Azif (the Necronomicon), and as such an integral part of Cthulhu Mythos lore.

Contents 1 Name 2 Biography 2.1 H. P. Lovecraft 2.2 August Derleth 3 Popular culture 4 References 4.1 Notes

The name Abdul Alhazred is a pseudonym that Lovecraft created in his youth, which he took on after reading 1001 Arabian Nights at the age of about five years old. The name was invented either by Lovecraft, or by Albert Baker the Whipple family lawyer.^[1] Abdul is a common Arabic name component, but Alhazred may allude to Hazard, a name from Lovecraft's family tree. It might also have been a pun on "all-has-read", since Lovecraft was an avid reader in youth.^[2]

Abdul Alhazred is not a real Arabic name, and seems to contain the Arabic definite article morpheme al- twice in a row (anomalous in terms of Arabic grammar). The more proper Arabic form might be Abd-el-Hazred or Abdul Hazred (with a single definite article). In Arabic translations, his name has appeared as Abdullah Alḥaẓred (عبدالله الحظرد): Arabic ḥaẓraحظر = "he fenced in", "he prohibited".

The phrase "mad Arab", sometimes with both words capitalised in Lovecraft's stories, is used so commonly before Alhazred's name that it almost constitutes a title. A reference to the "Mad Arab" in Cthulhu Mythos fiction is invariably a synonym for Abdul Alhazred.

According to Lovecraft's "History of the Necronomicon" (written 1927, first published 1938), Alhazred was:

[A] mad poet of Sanaá, in Yemen, who is said to have flourished during the period of the Ommiade caliphs, circa 700 A.D. He visited the ruins of Babylon and the subterranean secrets of Memphis and spent ten years alone in the great southern desert of Arabia — the Roba el Khaliyeh or "Empty Space" of the ancients — and "Dahna" or "Crimson" desert of the modern Arabs, which is held to be inhabited by protective evil spirits and monsters of death. Of this desert many strange and unbelievable marvels are told by those who pretend to have penetrated it. In his last years Alhazred dwelt in Damascus.

In 730, while still living in Damascus, Alhazred supposedly wrote a book of ultimate evil in Arabic, al-Azif, which would later become known as the Necronomicon. Those who have dealings with this book usually come to an unpleasant end, and Alhazred was no exception. Again according to Lovecraft:

Of his final death or disappearance (738 A.D.) many terrible and conflicting things are told. He is said by Ibn Khallikan (13th century biographer) to have been seized by an invisible monster in broad daylight and devoured horribly before a large number of fright-frozen witnesses. Of his madness many things are told. He claimed to have seen fabulous Irem, or City of Pillars, and to have found beneath the ruins of a certain nameless desert town the shocking annals and secrets of a race older than mankind. But no one believed him. He was only a half-crazed Muslim, worshipping unknown entities whom he called Yog-Sothoth and Cthulhu.

August Derleth later made alterations to the biography of Alhazred, such as redating his death to 731. Derleth also changed Alhazred's final fate, as described in his short story "The Keeper of the Key", first published in May 1951. In the story, Professor Laban Shrewsbury (a recurring Derleth character) and his assistant at the time, Nayland Colum, discover Alhazred's burial site.

While the two are heading a caravan from Salalah, Oman, they cross the border into Yemen and find the unexplored desert area that the Necronomicon calls "Roba el Ehaliyeh" or "Roba el Khaliyeh" — presumably a reference to the Empty Quarter or "Rub al Khali".

At the center of the area they discover the Nameless City (the setting of the Lovecraft story of the same name) and in Derleth's text the domain of the Great Old One Hastur. Shrewsbury, an old agent of Hastur and the devoted enemy of Hastur's half-brother, Cthulhu, crosses its gates in search of Alhazred's burial site.

He indeed finds Alhazred's burial chamber and learns of his fate. Alhazred had been kidnapped in Damascus and brought to the Nameless City, where he had earlier studied and learned some of the Necronomicon's lore. As punishment for betraying their secrets, Alhazred was tortured. Then they blinded him, severed his tongue and executed him.

Although the entrance to the chamber warns against disturbing him, Shrewsbury opens Alhazred's sarcophagus anyway, finding that only rugs, bones, and dust remain of Alhazred. However, the sarcophagus also contains Alhazred's personal, incomplete copy of the Necronomicon, written in the Arabic alphabet. Shrewsbury then uses necromancy to recall Alhazred's spirit and orders it to draw a map of the world as he knew it. After obtaining the map, which reveals the location of R'lyeh and other secret places, Shrewsbury finally lets Alhazred return to his eternal rest.

• Roberta Williams used the name "Abdul Alhazred" as the name of the villain in King's Quest 6.
• Marvel Comics has used the name Abdul Alhazred as a supervillain working for Apocalypse.
• A recruitable character named Alhazred is searching for a "cursed tome" in Suikoden V.
• There's a song named "The Mad Arab" on the Mercyful Fate album Time.
• In the webcomic Jack, the character Central is seen reading "The Inconsolable Ramblings of the Mad Arab Abdul Alhazred".^[3]
• A book of Alhazred's life up to his settling in Damascus was written by Donald Tyson under the title Alhazred: Author of the Necronomicon
• In the anime Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha, "Alhazred" is the name of a city lost between dimensions, which contains forbidden secrets capable of acts which neither science nor magic can achieve; to reach Alhazred, one must shatter the fabric of reality.
• In the RPG for Sony Playstation known as Wild ARMs; there is a character known as "Alhazad" which is a mistranslation of the name Alhazred. He also appears in the remake of Wild ARMs, known as Wild ARMs Alter Code: F for the Sony Playstation 2. Alhazred in these games is "living metal demon", both a sadist and villainous character.
• In the book Lucky Wander Boy by D.B. Weiss, the final boss of an arcade game known as "Eviscerator" is called The Mad Arab Abdul Alhazred.

• August Derleth [1951] (2000). "The Keeper of the Key", Quest for Cthulhu. New York, NY: Carroll & Graf. ISBN 0-7867-0752-6. 

• Harms, Daniel (1998). The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana, 2nd ed., Oakland, CA: Chaosium. ISBN 1-56882-119-0. 

• Lovecraft, Howard P. History of The Necronomicon. West Warwick, RI: Necronomicon Press. ISBN 0-318-04715-2. 

• Pearsall, Anthony B. (2005). The Lovecraft Lexicon, 1st ed., Tempe, AZ: New Falcon. ISBN 1-56184-129-3. 

1. ^ Harms, p. 7, The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana.
2. ^ Pearsall, "Alhazred, Abdul", The Lovecraft Lexicon, p. 55.
3. ^ Jack, strip 893