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Abdullah Gül
President of the Republic of Turkey
Incumbent
Assumed office  28 August 2007
Prime Minister	Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Preceded by	Ahmet Necdet Sezer
Prime Minister of Turkey
In office 18 November 2002 – 14 March 2003
President	Ahmet Necdet Sezer
Succeeded by	Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office 14 March 2003 – 28 August 2007
Prime Minister	Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Preceded by	Yaşar Yakış
Succeeded by	Ali Babacan
Born	29 October 1950 (1950-10-29) (age 57) Kayseri, Turkey
Political party	AKP
Spouse	Hayrünnisa Gül
Alma mater	Istanbul University
Religion	Sunni Islam (Hanafi-Maturidi)

Abdullah Gül (born October 29, 1950) is the 11th President of the Republic of Turkey, serving in that office since 28 August 2007. He previously served for five months as Prime Minister (2002-2003), and as Foreign Minister from 2003 to 2007.

Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's selection of Gül as a presidential candidate drew strong and highly vocal opposition from ardent supporters of secularism in Turkey. In May 2007, Gül's first bid for presidency was blocked by the Constitutional court in a climate of secularist concern regarding views Gül had expressed during his Welfare Party years, and the fact that his wife, Hayrünnisa Gül, wears a hijab, a headscarf, seen by some as a symbol of political Islam.^[1] However, following the parliamentary elections in July the same year, which were won by the AKP with 46.6% of the popular vote, he was eventually elected President on August 28, 2007 and was sworn in the same day.

Contents 1 Early life 1.1 Education 1.2 First steps in politics 2 AKP Career 2.1 Prime Minister 2.2 Foreign Minister 3 Presidential candidacy 4 Personal life 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

President Gül was born in Kayseri. He was brought up in a conservative family environment by his father Ahmet Hamdi, a mechanic, and his mother Adviye. His family has lived in Güllük Camii in Kayseri for about one hundred years.^[2]His great-grandfather was an Arab who immigrated from Siirt to Develi around 1915.^[3]. Gül was also called with the name Cumhur by his family.^[4]

Gül studied economics at the Istanbul University and wrote his dissertation there. During his graduate education, he studied for two years in London and Exeter. He pursued an academic career after that and worked at the higher education facilities in Adapazarı, collaborating in the establishment of a department for industrial engineering and teaching management courses of future Sakarya University. He received a Ph.D. degree from the Istanbul University in 1983. Between 1983 and 1991, he worked at the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). In 1991, Gül became a lecturer in international management.

Gül became acquainted with right-wing politics early during his high school years. During his university education, he became a member of Islamist-nationalist Millî Türk Talebe Birliği (National Turkish Students' Union) in the line of Necip Fazıl's Büyük Doğu (Grand Orient) current.^[5]

He was elected a member of the Turkish parliament for Refah Partisi (RP, "the Welfare Party") from Kayseri Province in 1991 and 1995. During these years, he made statements about the political system of Turkey that was designed by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the Turkish National Movement. These statements caused controversy when his candidacy for the 2007 presidential election was announced by Prime Minister Tayyip Erdoğan.^[6]

In 1999, he kept his seat as a member of Fazilet Partisi (FP, "the Virtue Party") which was afterwards closed by Constitutional Court for its violation of Constitution, successor to Refah Partisi which was also closed by Constitutional Court for its violation of Constitution, especially the principle of secularism. He was among the founders of Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (Justice and Development Party). He was elected once again to represent Kayseri in 2002.

After the Justice and Development Party (AKP) won the most votes in the November 2002 general election, Gül was appointed Prime Minister, as AK Party leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was unable to assume the role due to a ban on his participation in politics. After Gül's government secured legislation allowing Erdoğan's return to politics, the latter took over as Prime Minister on 14 March 2003. Gül was appointed deputy prime minister and foreign minister.

After becoming foreign minister in March 2003, Gül became the key player in Turkey's attempts to receive an accession date for the European Union and in its attempts to improve relations with Syria and maintaining its relationship with the Turkic-speaking countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus. On February 6, 2007, Gül flew to the United States to meet with U.S. President George W. Bush and U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.

Prime Minister Erdoğan announced on April 24, 2007 that Gül would be the Justice and Development Party candidate in the 2007 presidential election. Previously, there had been speculation that Erdoğan himself would be the party's candidate, which had provoked substantial opposition from secularists.^[7][8] When a boycott of opposition parties in Parliament deadlocked the election process, Gül formally withdrew his candidacy on May 6, 2007.

But a few days later, on May 11 when he inquired after the alterations to the Turkish constitution which now allowed the people to elect the president directly rather than a parliamentary vote, Gül announced that he was still intending to run.^[9][10]

Following the July 2007 parliamentary election, the AKP renominated Gül as its presidential candidate on August 13; the election was again held as a vote of parliament.^[11] On August 14, Gül submitted his candidacy application to parliament and expressed his commitment to secularism at a news conference.^[12]

On August 28, 2007, he was elected president in the third round of voting; in the first two rounds, a two-thirds majority of MPs had been required, but in the third round he needed only a simple majority. Gül was sworn in immediately thereafter.^[13] The process was a very low-key affair.^[14] Gül's swearing-in was not attended by the Chief of the Turkish General Staff and was boycotted by the opposition Republican People's Party; then the hand-over of power at the presidential palace was held behind closed doors. Gül's wife Hayrünnisa, whose wearing of a red headscarf is a factor in the opposition to Gül's presidency, was not present. This approach continued; the traditional evening reception hosted by the new president at the presidential palace for the countries highest authorities was announced for 11.30 in the morning and wives were not invited. ^[15]

Gül received messages of congratulation from the US, EU and German authorities while Turkish prime minister Tayyip Erdoğan made a statement saying "a structure doomed to uncertainty has been overcome" (an oblique reference to the deep state theory that Turkey is ruled behind-closed-doors by a secret conspiracy of soldiers and bureaucrats).^[16]

On August 20, 1980, Abdullah Gül married Hayrünnisa Özyurt, his first cousin (born 1965), when she was 15 years old. ^[17] The couple have three children, two sons named Mehmet Emre and Ahmet Münir and a daughter named Kübra. He is a dedicated fan of the football club Beşiktaş J.K..^[18]

• Republic Protests

• Official Website of Turkish Presidency
• Talk at the Council on Foreign Relations, Feb 9, 2007
• Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Official Website of Abdullah Gul

Political offices
Preceded by Bülent Ecevit	Prime Minister of Turkey Nov 18, 2002–Mar 14, 2003	Succeeded by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Preceded by Mahmet Ali Şahin Ertuğrul Yalçınbayır Abdüllatif Şener	Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey Mar 14, 2003–Agu 28, 2007	Succeeded by Cemil Çiçek Hayati Yazıcı Nazım Ekren
Preceded by Yaşar Yakış	Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey Mar 14, 2003–Agu 28, 2007	Succeeded by Ali Babacan
Preceded by Ahmet Necdet Sezer	President of Turkey Agu 28, 2007–present	Succeeded by incumbent

v • d • e Presidents of the Republic of Turkey
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk • İsmet İnönü • Celal Bayar • Cemal Gürsel • Cevdet Sunay • Fahri Korutürk • Kenan Evren • Turgut Özal • Süleyman Demirel • Ahmet Necdet Sezer • Abdullah Gül

v • d • e Prime Ministers of the Republic of Turkey

Turkish War of Independence (1920 - 1923): Mustafa Kemal Atatürk • Fevzi Çakmak • Rauf Orbay • Ali Fethi Okyar Republic of Turkey (1923 - present): İsmet İnönü • Ali Fethi Okyar • Celal Bayar • Refik Saydam • Ahmet Fikri Tüzer • Şükrü Saracoğlu • Mehmet Recep Peker • Hasan Saka • Şemsettin Günaltay • Adnan Menderes • Cemal Gürsel • Emin Fahrettin Özdilek • Suat Hayri Ürgüplü • Süleyman Demirel • Nihat Erim • Ferit Melen • Naim Talu • Bülent Ecevit • Sadi Irmak • Bülend Ulusu • Turgut Özal • Yıldırım Akbulut • Mesut Yılmaz • Tansu Çiller • Necmettin Erbakan • Abdullah Gül • Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

v • d • e Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey

Bekir Sami Kunduk • Ahmet Muhtar Mollaoğlu • Yusuf Kemal Tengirşenk • İsmet İnönü • Şükrü Kaya • Tevfik Rüştü Aras • Şükrü Saracoğlu • Numan Menemencioğlu • Hasan Saka • Necmettin Sadak • Mehmet Fuat Köprülü • Adnan Menderes • Fatin Rüştü Zorlu • Ethem Menderes • Selim Sarper • Feridun Cemal Erkin • Hasan Esat Işık • İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil • Osman Olcay • Haluk Bayülken • Turan Güneş • Metin Esenbel • Gündüz Ökçün • Hayrettin Erkmen • Ertuğrul Ekrem Ceyhun • İlter Türkmen • Vahit Melih Halefoğlu • Mesut Yılmaz • Ali Bozer • Ahmet Kurtcebe Alptemoçin • Safa Giray • Hikmet Çetin • Mümtaz Soysal • Murat Karayalçın • Erdal İnönü • Coşkun Kırca • Deniz Baykal • Emre Gönensay • Tansu Çiller • İsmail Cem • Şükrü Sina Gürel • Yaşar Yakış • Abdullah Gül • Ali Babacan

Persondata
NAME	Gül, Abdullah
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	11th President of the Republic of Turkey
DATE OF BIRTH	October 29, 1950
PLACE OF BIRTH	Kayseri, Turkey
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH