Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 G04.0
ICD-9 323.61
DiseasesDB 158
eMedicine neuro/500 
MeSH D004673

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune mediated disease of brain. It usually occurs following a viral infection or vaccination, but it may also appear spontaneously. It is similar in some ways to multiple sclerosis, and is considered part of the Multiple sclerosis borderline.

There are multiple inflammatory cell deposits in the brain, particularly in the section called white matter. Although it occurs in all ages, most reported cases are in children and adolescents.

It has an abrupt onset and a monophasic course. Symptoms usually begin 1-3 weeks after infection or vaccination. Major symptoms include fever, headache, drowsiness, seizures and coma. Although initially the symptoms are usually mild, later in the course of the disease patients may even die, if they are not treated properly. Some patients recover completely, while others have permanent neurological impairments.

The first treatment is usually steroids and intensive care is often required.


v • d • e
Multiple sclerosis
Signs and symptoms Ataxia · Depression · Diplopia · Dysarthria · Dysphagia · Fatigue · Incontinence · Neurological fatigue · Nystagmus · Optic neuritis · Pain
Diagnosis and evolution following McDonald criteria · EDSS
Investigation Pathophysiology · Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Treatment Interferon · Glatiramer acetate · Mitoxantrone · Natalizumab · Therapies under investigation
Borderline forms Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis · Balo concentric sclerosis · Devic's disease · Guillain-Barré syndrome · Marburg multiple sclerosis · Schilder's disease
Other List of people with multiple sclerosis · List of multiple sclerosis organizations


v • d • e
Nervous system pathology, primarily CNS (G00-G47, 320-349)
Inflammatory diseases
of the CNS		 Meningitis (Arachnoiditis) - Encephalitis - Myelitis - Encephalomyelitis (Acute disseminated) - Tropical spastic paraparesis
Systemic atrophies
primarily affecting the CNS		 Huntington's disease - Spinocerebellar ataxia (Friedreich's ataxia, Ataxia telangiectasia, Hereditary spastic paraplegia)
Spinal muscular atrophy: Werdnig-Hoffman disease - Kugelberg-Welander disease - Fazio Londe syndrome -
MND (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), Progressive bulbar, Pseudobulbar, PLS)
Extrapyramidal and
movement disorders		 Parkinson's disease - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome - Postencephalitic parkinsonism - Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration - Progressive supranuclear palsy - Striatonigral degeneration - Dystonia (Spasmodic torticollis, Meige's syndrome, Blepharospasm) - Essential tremor - Myoclonus - Chorea (Choreoathetosis) - Restless legs syndrome - Stiff person syndrome
Other degenerative /
demyelinating diseases		 Alzheimer's disease - Pick's disease - Alpers' disease - Dementia with Lewy bodies - Leigh's disease - Multiple sclerosis - Devic's disease - Central pontine myelinolysis - Transverse myelitis
Seizure/epilepsy Focal (Simple partial, Complex partial) - Generalised (Tonic-clonic, Absence, Atonic, Benign familial neonatal) - Lennox-Gastaut - West - Epilepsia partialis continua - Status epilepticus (Complex partial status epilepticus)
Headache Migraine (Familial hemiplegic) - Cluster - Vascular - Tension
Vascular Transient ischemic attack (Amaurosis fugax, Transient global amnesia) - Cerebrovascular disease (MCA, ACA, PCA, Foville's syndrome, Millard-Gubler syndrome, Lateral medullary syndrome, Weber's syndrome, Lacunar stroke)
Sleep disorders Insomnia - Hypersomnia - Sleep apnea (Ondine's curse) - Narcolepsy - Cataplexy - Kleine-Levin syndrome
Other Hydrocephalus (Normal pressure) - Idiopathic intracranial hypertension - Encephalopathy - Brain herniation - Cerebral edema - Reye's syndrome - Syringomyelia - Syringobulbia - Spinal cord compression
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_disseminated_encephalomyelitis"
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