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Adenosine diphosphate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Adenosine diphosphate | |
|---|---|
| Chemical name | Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate) |
| Chemical formula | C10H15N5O10P2 |
| Molecular mass | 427.20 g/mol |
| CAS number | 58-64-0 |
| SMILES | O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](N2C3=C (N=C2)C(N)=NC=N3)O[C@@H] 1COP(O)(OP(O)(O)=O)=O)O |
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Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleotide. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleotide adenine. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine.
ADP is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. ADP is converted back to ATP by ATP synthases. ATP is an important energy transfer molecule in cells.
ADP is stored in platelet dense granules and is released upon platelet activation. ADP interacts with a family of ADP receptors found on platelets (P2Y1, P2Y12 and P2X1), leading to further platelet activation.[1] ADP in the blood is converted to adenosine by the action of ecto-ADPases, inhibiting further platelet activation via adenosine receptors. The anti-platelet drug Plavix (clopidogrel) inhibits the P2Y12 receptor.
| Major Families of Biochemicals | ||
| Peptides | Amino acids | Nucleic acids | Carbohydrates | Lipids | Terpenes | Carotenoids | Tetrapyrroles | Enzyme cofactors | Steroids | Flavonoids | Alkaloids | Polyketides | Glycosides | ||
| Analogues of nucleic acids: | Types of Nucleic Acids | Analogues of nucleic acids: |
| Nucleobases: | Adenine | Thymine | Uracil | Guanine | Cytosine | Purine | Pyrimidine | |
|---|---|---|
| Nucleosides: | Adenosine | Uridine | Guanosine | Cytidine | Deoxyadenosine | Thymidine | Deoxyguanosine | Deoxycytidine | |
| Nucleotides: | AMP | UMP | GMP | CMP | ADP | UDP | GDP | CDP | ATP | UTP | GTP | CTP | cAMP | cADPR | cGMP | |
| Deoxynucleotides: | dAMP | TMP | dGMP | dCMP | dADP | TDP | dGDP | dCDP | dATP | TTP | dGTP | dCTP | |
| Ribonucleic acids: | RNA | mRNA | piRNA | tRNA | rRNA | ncRNA | sgRNA | shRNA | siRNA | snRNA | miRNA | snoRNA | LNA | |
| Deoxyribonucleic acids: | DNA | mtDNA | cDNA | plasmid | Cosmid | BAC | YAC | HAC | |
| Analogues of nucleic acids: | GNA | PNA | TNA | morpholino | |
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