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Alismatales
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Alismatales is an order of flowering plants. The order will of necessity contain the family Alismataceae.
The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998) assigns the order to the clade monocots and uses this circumscription:
- order Alismatales
- family Alismataceae
- family Aponogetonaceae
- family Araceae
- family Butomaceae
- family Cymodoceaceae
- family Hydrocharitaceae
- family Juncaginaceae
- family Limnocharitaceae
- family Posidoniaceae
- family Potamogetonaceae
- family Ruppiaceae
- family Scheuchzeriaceae
- family Tofieldiaceae
- family Zosteraceae
Thus circumscribed, the order contains about 165 genera in 14 families, with a cosmopolitan distribution. Most of the families are composed of herbaceous plants, commonly found in aquatic environments. The flowers are usually arranged in inflorescences, and the mature seeds lack endosperm.
The biggest departure from earlier systems (see below) is the inclusion of family Araceae. By its inclusion the order has grown enormously in number of species. The family Araceae alone accounts for about a hundred genera, totalling over two thousand species. The rest of families together contain just about five hundred species.
The Cronquist system of 1981 placed the order in subclass Alismatidae of class Liliopsida [= monocotyledons] and used this circumscription:
- order Alismatales
- family Alismataceae
- family Butomaceae
- family Limnocharitaceae
The Cronquist subclass Alismatidae conformed fairly closely to the order Alismatales as circumscribed by APG, minus the family Araceae.
The Dahlgren system placed the order in the superorder Alismatanae in the subclass Liliidae [= monocotyledons] in the class Magnoliopsida [= angiosperms]; it used this circumscription:
- order Alismatales
- family Alismataceae
- family Aponogetonaceae
- family Butomaceae
- family Hydrocharitaceae
- family Limnocharitaceae
The Dahlgren superorder Alismatanae conformed fairly closely to the order Alismatales as circumscribed by APG, minus the family Araceae.
The Wettstein system, last version in 1935, and the Engler system, update in 1964, used the name Helobiae for the order.
- B. C. J. du Mortier (1829). Analyse des Familles de Plantes : avec l'indication des principaux genres qui s'y rattachent. Imprimerie de J. Casterman, Tournay.
- W. S. Judd, C. S. Campbell, E. A. Kellogg, P. F. Stevens, M. J. Donoghue (2002). Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, 2nd edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts. ISBN 0-87893-403-0.
