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Allograft
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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An allograft or allogeneic transplant or homograft is a transplant in which transplanted cells, tissues, or organs are sourced from a genetically non-identical member of the same species. Most human tissue and organ transplants are allografts.
In contrast, a transplant from another species is called a xenograft. When a transplanted organ or tissue from a genetically identical donor, i.e., an identical twin, is termed an isograft. Finally, when a tissue is transplanted from one site to another on the same patient, it is termed an autograft.
Allografts and xenografts will be recognised by the recipient's immune system as foreign and will therefore be attacked in a process termed rejection. This does not occur in autografts or true isografts, although in practice, transplants between identical twins are usually covered with immunosuppressants in case they are not 100% genetically identical.
A variety of tissue and organs types can be used for allografts. These include:
- skin transplants
- corneal transplants
- heart transplants
- liver transplants
- kidney transplants
- bone marrow transplants
- bone allograft
- ligament or tendon allograft
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| Types | Allograft · Alloplant · Allotransplantation · Autotransplantation · Xenotransplantation |
| Organs and tissues | Bone · Bone marrow · Corneal · Face · Hand · Heart · Heart-lung · Kidney · Liver · Lung · Pancreas · Penis · Skin · Spleen · Uterus |
| Related topics | Biomedical tissue · Cellular memory · Edmonton protocol · Eye bank · Graft-versus-host disease · Immunosuppressive drugs · Islet cell transplantation · Implants · Living donor liver transplantation · Lung allocation score · Machine perfusion · Medical grafting · Non-heart beating donation · Organ donation · Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder · Total body irradiation · Transplant rejection |
| Organizations | Halachic Organ Donor Society · Human Tissue Authority · National Marrow Donor Program · United Network for Organ Sharing |
| People | Christiaan Barnard · Michael Woodruff · Alexis Carrel · Norman Shumway · Jean-Michel Dubernard · List of notable organ transplant donors and recipients |