Alvin and the Chipmunks

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Alvin and the Chipmunks
Alvin and the Chipmunks logo
Alvin and the Chipmunks logo
Background information
Origin Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Genre(s) New Wave, music concrete, Country, Pop
Years active 1958 – present
Label(s) Liberty Records
RCA Records
Chipmunk Records
Website chipmunks.com
Members
Ross Bagdasarian, Jr.
Janice Karman
Randy Miller
Randy Edelman
Former members
Ross Bagdasarian, Sr. (deceased)
Steve Vining
Jai Winding
Joe Reisman

Alvin and the Chipmunks are a fictional five-time Grammy Award-winning animated musical group, created by Ross Bagdasarian, Sr. in 1958. The group consists of three singing chipmunks: Alvin, the mischievous troublemaker, who quickly became the star of the group, Simon, the tall bespectacled intellectual, and Theodore, the chubby, impressionable sweetheart. The trio is "managed" by their human "father" and confidant, David Seville. In reality, David Seville was Bagdasarian's stage name, and the Chipmunks themselves are named after the executives of their original record label, Liberty Records: Alvin Bennett (the president), Simon Waronker (the founder and owner), and Theodore Keep (the chief engineer).

Audiences often assume the characters started as cartoons and branched out into music, but that is the opposite of how they began. After first being brought to life in Bagdasarian's 1950s novelty recordings under the name David Seville and the Chipmunks, the characters were an unprecedented success, and the singing Chipmunks and their manager were given life in several animated cartoon series and motion pictures.

The voices of the group were all performed by Bagdasarian, who sped up the playback to create the higher pitched, squeaky voices. This process was not entirely new; Bagdasarian had also used it for a previous novelty song project, "The Witch Doctor", but it was so unusual and well executed it earned the "trio" two Grammy Awards for engineering. Although the characters were fictional, they did release a long line of "real" albums and singles, with "The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)" becoming a number-one hit single in the United States. After his death in 1972, the voices of the Chipmunks were subsequently recorded by his son, Ross Bagdasarian, Jr., and his wife, Janice Karman, in all subsequent incarnations to date.

Contents

Main article: Witch Doctor (song)

In early 1958, Bagdasarian released a novelty song, as David Seville, about being unlucky at love until he found a Witch Doctor who told him the "magic words" to woo his woman. The entire song was done by Bagdasarian in his normal voice, except for the "magic" words, done first in Bagdasarian's sped-up, pre-Chipmunk voice, then in a duet between his sped-up voice and his normal voice. The words, of course, are nonsense: "Oo-ee, oo-ah-ah, ting-tang, walla-walla, bing-bang".

The song was a major hit, sitting at Number 1 in the Billboard Top 100, a predecessor to the Billboard Hot 100 chart which would be introduced that August, for three weeks during the spring, and the Witch Doctor's "magic words" were being sung by kids everywhere.[citation needed] Although nothing in the song makes any reference to chipmunks, the song is now sometimes included on Chipmunk compilations,[citation needed] as if the Chipmunks themselves had provided the voice of the Witch Doctor...which, technically speaking, is true. (Bagdasarian did record a "Chipmunks" version of "Witch Doctor," which appeared on the second Chipmunks album, Sing Again With The Chipmunks, in 1960). In 1999, the song was covered by a band called The Cartoons.

The Chipmunk Song Cover
The Chipmunk Song Cover

The Chipmunks first officially appeared on the scene in a novelty record released in late fall 1958 by Bagdasarian. The song, originally listed on the record label (Liberty F-55168) as "The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)," featured the singing skills of the chipmunk trio. One phrase in the chorus has Alvin wishing for a Hula Hoop, which was that year's hot new toy. The novelty record was highly successful, selling more than 4 million copies in seven weeks, and it launched the careers of its chipmunk stars. It spent four weeks at Number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart from December 27, 1958 to January 19, 1959. It also earned three Grammy Awards and a nomination for Record of the Year. At the height of its popularity, Bagdasarian and three chipmunk hand-puppets appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show, lip-synching the song.

While the series was being prepared for broadcast, an imitation, the Nutty Squirrels, beat them to the market, but was less successful, despite catchy scat singing.[citation needed]

The Chipmunks and David Seville during the "Old McDonald Had a Farm" musical sequence from The Alvin Show
The Chipmunks and David Seville during the "Old McDonald Had a Farm" musical sequence from The Alvin Show
Main article: The Alvin Show

The first television series to feature the characters was The Alvin Show. The cartoon gave more distinctive looks and personalities to the three chipmunks than just their voices, and an animated portrayal of Seville was a reasonable caricature of Bagdasarian himself. The series ran from 1961 to 1962, and was one of a small number of animated series to be shown in prime time on CBS. It was not immediately successful and was cancelled after one season, only to find new life in syndication.

In addition to Alvin cartoons, the series also featured the scientist Clyde Crashcup and his assistant Leonardo. Those characters did not feature prominently on any of the later series. Crashcup made a single cameo appearance in A Chipmunk Christmas, and in an episode of Alvin and the Chipmunks.

The first television series was produced by Format Films for Bagdasarian Film Corporation. Although the series was broadcast in black and white, it was produced and later re-run in color. 26 episodes each were produced for the Alvin and the Chipmunks and Clyde Crashcup segments, along with 52 musical segments.

Main article: A Chipmunk Christmas

The final Chipmunks album in their original incarnation, The Chipmunks Go To The Movies, was released in 1969. After the death of Ross Bagdasarian in 1972 from a heart attack, the Chipmunks' careers stalled until NBC showed interest in the original show (the network carried Saturday morning reruns of The Alvin Show as a midseason replacement in 1979) and the following year, Excelsior Records released a new album of contemporary songs performed by the Chipmunks. The new album—Chipmunk Punk—featured Bagdasarian's son, Ross Bagdasarian Jr., doing the voices of the characters. That album and the continued reruns of the series proved to be popular enough to warrant further new records as well as a new television production, and in 1981, the Chipmunks and Seville returned to television in the Christmas special A Chipmunk Christmas, produced by Chuck Jones, which was first broadcast on NBC on December 14 of that year.

A scene from the 1983 opening credits of Alvin and the Chipmunks.
A scene from the 1983 opening credits of Alvin and the Chipmunks.

In 1983, the second cartoon series, produced by Ruby-Spears, was released. Titled simply Alvin and the Chipmunks, the outline of the show closely paralleled the original Alvin Show. The show lasted eight production seasons, until 1990. In the first season, the show introduced the Chipettes, three female versions of the Chipmunks — Brittany, Jeanette, and Eleanor, with their own human guardian, the myopic Miss Beatrice Miller (who arrived for the 1986 season). The Chipmunks even sang a variation of NBC's Let's All Be There campaign for its Saturday-morning lineup in 1984. After 1988, the show was renamed just The Chipmunks to indicate that there were now two groups of them. Also introduced was the boys' "Uncle" Harry, who may or may not have actually been a relative. The show reflected current trends and historical events in pop culture; the Chipmunks sang recent hits, and wore contemporary clothing. One "documentary" episode spoofed John Lennon's 1966 comment that the Beatles had become "more popular than Jesus", by recalling how the Chipmunks had fallen in popularity after Alvin boasted they were "bigger than Mickey Mouse!"

The Chipettes, at the Leaning Tower of Pisa in the feature film The Chipmunk Adventure (1987).
The Chipettes, at the Leaning Tower of Pisa in the feature film The Chipmunk Adventure (1987).

In 1987, during the fifth season of the show on television, the Chipmunks had their first animated feature film, The Chipmunk Adventure, directed by Janice Karman and released to theatres by The Samuel Goldwyn Company. The film featured the Chipmunks and the Chipettes in a contest traveling around the world. Other than improved production values, the movie was more of an extended and enhanced episode of the series.[citation needed]

In the 1988–89 season, the show switched production companies to DiC Entertainment, by which time the Chipmunks had truly become anthropomorphized (including the rather odd decision to give them blue eyes). In 1990, the show switched titles again: The Chipmunks Go to the Movies. Each episode in this season was a spoof of a Hollywood film, such as Back to the Future, King Kong, and others. In addition, several television specials featuring the characters were also released. At the conclusion of the eighth season, the show was cancelled again.

In 1990, a documentary was produced about the show entitled Alvin and the Chipmunks/Five Decades with the Chipmunks. In that year, the Chipmunks also teamed up for the first and only time with other contemporary cartoons (such as Bugs Bunny, Garfield, etc.) for the drug abuse-prevention special Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue.

In 1996, the rights to the characters were purchased by Universal Studios. This resulted in The Chipmunks' 1999 reappearance in the form of the direct-to-video movie Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein. The movie was successful enough to spark interest in a sequel, and in 2000, Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet the Wolfman appeared. Both movies featured the original cast of the second series reprising their roles and the tone of the movies are very similar to the series. These film titles reflect earlier horror spoofs by Abbott and Costello.

A live-action movie called Little Alvin and the Mini-Munks [1] was released on April 27, 2004 (April 24, 2005 according IMDb [2]). It features puppetry used for the Chipmunks and Chipettes. In this movie, when Dave (Ross Bagdasarian, Jr.) goes out of town, he leaves the young Chipmunks and the Chipettes in the care of Lalu (Janice Karman), a friend who is happy to have six pre-schoolers stay with her. Lalu lives in a magic cottage with Gilda (a talking cockatoo), and PC (a talking frog who believes he is one kiss away from being Prince Charming). There are also Sam and Lou, two gophers who report to the viewers about the feelings the characters are experiencing. While at Lalu's, the kids learn and sing about separation, jealousy, telling the truth, sharing, and other life lessons. Theodore learns about telling the truth, and not to put things into the toilet; Alvin learns about helping Eleanor (the infant); and Jeanette learns that she cannot "borrow" Brittany's lipstick. The direct-to-video feature was directed and co-written by Jerry Rees, who also animated all the CGI effects and voiced two characters. The budget for the project was unusually low, at $600,000. It was also the first and only live-action appearances of Ross Bagdasarian, Jr. and Janice Karman, respectively.

In 2000, Bagdasarian Productions sued Universal Studios for breach of contract, in order to recoup monentary damages and to regain control of the Alvin and the Chipmunks characters.

In 2004, Fox 2000 Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox Animation and Bagdasarian Productions announced a live-action/CGI adaptation of the original 1960's series. The new film Alvin and the Chipmunks, directed by Tim Hill and starring Jason Lee as David Seville, will be released on December 14, 2007. The movie poster was released July 3, 2007, and the trailer premiered with the release of The Simpsons Movie on July 27, 2007. The trailer for the movie uses many scenes from contemporary news sources to show screaming crowds, including one scene that is taken from the Hillsborough disaster, where 96 people died.

In 2006, Bagdasarian Productions sued Thomas Lee, the creator of "Chipmunkz Gangsta Rap", a parody created by Bentframe and featured on Atom Films. The lawsuit is still in process and is likely to fail because of the fair use provision of copyright law. Also, The Chipmunk Adventure was released on DVD by Paramount Home Entertainment, then later Trick or Treason, A Chipmunk Christmas: 25th Anniversary and A Chipmunk Valentine. The Chipmunks Go To The Movies was released on May 22, 2007. 20th Century Fox announced that the complete set of their first animated television series The Alvin Show will be released on DVD in 2008.

The Chipmunks' voices were recorded onto audiotape by voice talent talking or singing at half the normal speed. When the tape was played back at double speed, they would sound a full octave higher in pitch, at normal tempo. The technique was by no means new to the Chipmunks. For example, the high and low pitched characters in The Wizard of Oz were achieved by speeding up and slowing down vocal recordings. Now the same effect can be created digitally and in real time. The term "chipmunk-voiced" has entered the American vernacular to describe any artificially high-pitched voice. A similar effect could be obtained in playback by merely taking an LP recorded at 33 1/3 RPM and playing it back at 45 or 78 RPM, a stunt sometimes tried out by ordinary record listeners just for laughs. Such an effect, however, threatened to damage LPs.

The technique was frequently imitated in comedy records, notably "The Ying Tong Song" by The Goons, "Transistor Radio" by Benny Hill, "Bridget the Midget" by Ray Stevens, "The Laughing Gnome" by David Bowie, and on several tracks on Joe Meek and the Blue Men's album I hear a new world. The technique also appears in the instrumental break in Bobby Lewis' 1961 US #1 hit "Tossin' and Turnin'". It was also used extensively in the British puppet show Pinky and Perky.

Prince has also used the technique on several of his songs - "Erotic City" for example - as well as for his "Camille" alter ego.

In the early 90's rave scene, many breakbeat hardcore productions would utilize the same studio tricks, often taking acappellas from old soul and house records and speeding them up to fit the faster tempo. Vocals in songs that used this method would typically be referred to as "chipmunk vocals".

Kanye West's technique of speeding up soul samples has led to his productions being compared to the Chipmunks.

However, the vocal technique is not always generated by a recording technique. Some fans of the band Gamma Ray have described the singer Kai Hansen's falsetto as "chipmunk-like" on the album No World Order.

Battles also used this technique for their smash hit 'Atlas'.

  • Alvin Seville: Alvin is an emotional roller coaster. His enthusiasm is boundless and his despair bottomless. The term look before you leap definitely doesn't apply to Alvin, who impulsive, charming, musical and full of animal magnetism. What others might characterize as half-baked schemes, Alvin prefers to see as challenging the ordinary. Alvin's signature color is red. He knows how to play the guitar. Alvin was voiced by Ross Bagdasarian, Sr. from 1958 to 1972, and by Ross Bagdasarian, Jr. from 1972 to the present.
  • Simon Seville: In addition to having an IQ just north of Einstein, Simon possesses a very dry sense of humor as well as a keen wit. His chess master mind allows him to anticipate Alvin's hare-brained schemes (Simon's phrase, not Alvin's) and devise the solution that is invariably required. In the end, Simon loves Alvin, although he secretly worries that they share the same gene pool. Simon's signature color is blue. He can play the keyboard and the bass. Simon was voiced by Ross Bagdasarian, Sr. from 1958 to 1972, and by Ross Bagdasarian, Jr. from 1972 to the present,
  • Theodore Seville: He is the child of innocence. He is shy, loving, sensitive, gullible, trusting and naive. In short, he is an easy target for Alvin's manipulations. In fact, Theodore often holds the swing vote between his two brothers' choices of action. Simon appeals to Theodore's better nature while Alvin goes straight to bribery. He constantly gets snack attacks and would always like something to eat. Theodore's signature color is green. His instrument is the drums. Theodore was voiced by Ross Bagdasarian, Sr. from 1958 to 1972, and by Janice Karman from 1972 to the present.
  • David "Dave" Seville: Like any other single parent trying to raise three kids, let alone three hyperactive chipmunks, Dave has his patience tested on a daily basis. Not only does he juggle his professional life as the songwriter for the musical trio, but he's also the Chipmunks' father and confidant. While Dave struggles to remain calm and objective, Alvin often pushes him over the edge, reducing Dave to his famous yell, "A-L-V-I-N!" – David Seville was voiced by Ross Bagdasarian, Sr. from 1958 to 1972, and by Ross Bagdasarian, Jr. from 1972 to the present.

  • The line "Oo-ee, oo-ah-ah, ting-tang, walla-walla, bing-bang" from the song "The Witchdoctor" is used in the song "Texan Book Of The Dead" @2:15-by Clutch (band) on their Self-titled CD. [3] It can also be heard in the last scenes of the movie version of the musical "Grease," playing underneath the characters singing "We Go Together."
  • The Chipmunks make a guest appearance on the Canned Heat song The Chipmunk Song (which is not the same song as the 1958 hit) that appeared on their Christmas single. [4]
  • In the episode of Happy Days which introduced the character of Mork, Mork walks into Richie's living room and babbles in Orkan. Richie says that it was a good Alvin the Chipmunk impression, thinking it was Ralph because he was watching TV at the time.
  • In an episode of Alf, Alf names three undiscovered planets in the Solar System as Alvin, Simon and Theodore.
  • Paul Hennesey (John Ritter) mentions Alvin, Simon, Theodore on the Halloween episode "Trick or Treehouse" of ABC's 8 Simple Rules.
  • Comedian Patton Oswalt has a popular joke regarding the Christmas song, in which he describes playing the song on a record at the slowest speed possible. The result is the Chipmunks sounding like "three normal, monotone guys singing a song about Christmas," while Dave Seville sounds like a "demon from the ninth level of murderers and traitors." In this bit, Patton does an impression of the slowed-down song, including a low, gravely voice in mock slow motion in place of Dave's voice.
  • Much like with a "Weird Al" Yankovic parody, many recording artists in the 80s feel they know they made it when a song of theirs is covered by the Chipmunks.
  • The Robot Chicken episode "Donkey Punch" has parodied the Chipmunks in one of their shorts. In the short the Chipmunks have normal chorus voices until Dave releases "Deadly Helium" into the recording booth, thus making their voices squeaky until they eventually die.
  • The Bob Rivers Comedy Corp released Chipmunks Roasting on an Open Fire in 2000, part of their Twisted Christmas CD series. The album parodies "The Chipmunk Song" in "The Twisted Chipmunk Song", which is followed by the title track, which continues the "Twisted Chipmunk" storyline with Dave Seville's revenge, and the names are Melvin, Squeaky, and Thagadore (A.K.A. Melvin and the Gerbils).
  • Not to be confused with the Newgrounds video, Sudden Death parodies the Chipmunks as gun-toting violent 'gangsta' chipmunks "Sherman", "Bob", and "Melvin" in their song "Rabid Chipmunks" from their 1995 album, "Drain Bammaged Kids".
  • Del Monte used the Chipmunks (notably Alvin) on their fruit cups in the early 1990's.
  • In an episode of WWE Raw when having his voice pitched up by DX Vince Mcmahon states "I'm Not Alvin The Chipmunk!"

The Chipmunks as babies in a scene from the 1983 Alvin and the Chipmunks Saturday morning cartoon.
The Chipmunks as babies in a scene from the 1983 Alvin and the Chipmunks Saturday morning cartoon.

  • 1958: "Witch Doctor"/"Don't Whistle At Me Baby" (Liberty F-55132) (US #1) (Credited solely to David Seville)
  • 1958: "The Chipmunk Song"/"Almost Good" (Liberty F-55168) (US #1)

(The first Chipmunks record. On this first release, the artist is credited as "The Chipmunks, Alvin, Theodore & Simon, with the music of David Seville." B-side is a non-Chipmunk David Seville track.)

  • 1959: "Alvin's Harmonica"/"Mediocre" (Liberty F-55179) (US #3) (A-side artist credited as "David Seville & The Chipmunks;" B-side by David Seville)
  • 1959: "Ragtime Cowboy Joe"/"Flip Side" (Liberty F-55200) (US #16) (B-side by David Seville)
  • 1959: "The Chipmunk Song"/"Alvin's Harmonica" (Liberty F-55250) (Reissue)
  • 1960: "Alvin's Orchestra"/"Copyright 1960" (Liberty F-55233) (US #33) (B-side by David Seville)
  • 1960: "Coming Round The Mountain"/"Sing A Goofy Song" (Liberty F-55246)
  • 1960: "Witch Doctor" (Chipmunks version) /"Swannee River" (Liberty F-55272)
  • 1960: "Alvin for President"/"Sack Time" (Liberty F-55277) (US #95) (B-side by David Seville)
  • 1960: "Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer"/"Spain" (Liberty F-55289)
  • 1962: "The Alvin Twist"/"I Wish I Could Speak French" (Liberty 55424)
  • 1962: "America the Beautiful"/"My Wild Irish Rose" (Liberty 55452)
  • 1963: "Alvin's All Star Chipmunk Band"/"Old Mac Donald Cha Cha Cha" (Liberty 55544)
  • 1963: "Eefin' Alvin"/"Flip Side" (Liberty 55632) (B-side by David Seville)
  • 1963: "Wonderful Day"/"The Night Before Christmas" (Liberty 55635)
  • 1964: "All My Loving" (Beatles cover)/"Do You Want To Know A Secret" (Liberty 55734)
  • 1965: "Do-re-mi"/"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious" (Liberty 55773)
  • 1965: "I'm Henry VIII, I Am"/"What's New, Pussycat" (Liberty 55832)
  • 1967: "Sorry About That, Herb"/"Apple Picker" (Dot 16997)
  • 1968: "Talk to the Animals"/"My Friend The Doctor" (Sunset 61002)
  • 1968: "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang"/"Hushabye Mountain" (Sunset 61003)
  • 1968: "The Chipmunk Song" (by Canned Heat with The Chipmunks) /"Christmas Blues" (by Canned Heat) (Liberty 56079)
  • 1980: "You May Be Right"
  • 1980: "Call Me"
  • 1981: "On The Road Again"
  • 1981: "I Love A Rainy Night"
  • 1983: "We're The Chipmunks/Beat It" (Michael Jackson cover)
  • 1990: "Jingle Bells Finale"
  • 1993: "Achy Breaky Heart" (Billy Ray Cyrus cover; 45, 1993, Epic 74776) (#72 Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks)
  • 1994: "I Don't Want To Be Alone For Christmas (Unless I'm Alone With You)" (actually performed by James Ingram)
  • 1996: "Macarena"

The original theatrical poster for The Chipmunk Adventure.
The original theatrical poster for The Chipmunk Adventure.

There were five Grammy Awards and a Golden Reel Award in total.

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