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Part of the Politics series on Anarchism
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In 1824 Robert Owen tried to develop his British colony in the Mexican province of Tejas New Harmony. His request was denied by the Mexican government.

In 1861 The Greek Plotino Rhodakanaty tried to implement the ideas of Fourier and Proudhon during the administration of President [Comonfort]. He published Cartilla Socialista a manual explaining the ideas of Fourier. Some of his adepts like Francisco Zalacosta, Santiago Villanueva, and Hermenegildo Villavicencio, became the first worker's rights activist in Mexico. Other students of Rhodakanaty founded a school "La Social, Sección Internacionalista" following Bakunin. These activists organized one of the first mutualist societies in Mexico. Mutualism is the preferred term for anarchism for the Mexican authorities.

In 1869, student Chavez Lopez wrote the first^{[citation needed]} anarchist manifesto. The motto of the manifesto: "soy socialista porque soy enemigo de todos los gobiernos y comunista porque mis hermanos quieren trabajar las tierras en común translates as "I am a socialist because I am an enemy of all governments and, I am a communist because I want to work our common lands with my brothers". Dispossessed peasants in central Mexico supported these ideas^{[citation needed]}.

Around 1882 another anarchist group was founded by the brothers Enrique and Ricardo Flores Magon. They published the newspaper Regeneracion in 1901. Their movement is oft-cited as a precedent for the Mexican Revolution of 1910. After trying to capture cities along the Mexico-US border, they were captured and killed. Other famous leaders of the Magonista movement were Camilo Arriaga, Juan Sarabia, Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama and Librado Rivera.

These attempts at revolution started the anarchist movement in Mexico, which eventually fused with the Mexican communist party, which was outlawed during the height of the Cold War. Remnants of these organizations survive as part of Antorcha Campesina and the Frente Popular Francisco Villa which are prevalent in rural and urban areas respectively.