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Anna's Hummingbird
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Anna's Hummingbird | ||||||||||||||
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 Adult male
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| Calypte anna (Lesson, 1829) |
The Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte anna) is a medium-sized hummingbird.
These hummingbirds are glossy green on the back and grey below with green flanks. Their bill is long, straight and slender. The adult male has a glossy red crown and throat and a dark tail. Anna's is the only hummingbird species with a red crown. Females and juveniles have a green crown, a grey throat with some red marking, and a dark tail with white tips.
Their breeding habitat is open wooded or shrubby areas and mountain meadows along the Pacific coast from British Columbia to Arizona. The female builds a large cup nest in a shrub or tree, sometimes in vines or on wires. The nest is round and about 1 1/2 to 2" in diameter. The nest is built of very small twigs, lichen and other mosses, and often lined with downy feathers or animal hair. The nest materials are bound together with spider silk or other sticky materials. They are known to nest early as mid-December and as late as June.
During the breeding season, males can be observed performing a remarkable display, called a display dive, on their territories. When another bird (such as a female Anna's Hummingbird) flies onto a male's territory, he rises up approximately 30m (100 ft) before diving over the recipient. At the bottom of the dive the males reach speeds exceeding 23 m/s (50 mph), and produce a loud sound, described by some as an "explosive squeak" with their outer tail-feathers.
These birds are permanent residents in parts of their range. Some birds may wander north to southern Alaska, south to Mexico or move east from California after nesting season. Some individuals have been banded as far east as Alabama and Florida.
These birds feed on nectar from flowers using a long extendable tongue or catch insects on the wing. While collecting nectar, they also assist in plant pollination. They sometimes eat tree sap.
Unlike most hummingbirds, this bird sings during courtship. They are very territorial.
This bird was named after Anna Massena, Duchess of Rivoli. A hybrid between this species and Allen's Hummingbird has been described as Floresi's Hummingbird, "Selasphorus" floresii (Ridgway, 1909; Taylor, 1909); the hybrid with the Black-chinned Hummingbird was called "Trochilus" violajugulum.
 Female Anna's Hummingbird feeding |
 Anna's Hummingbird (adult male) |
 Male feeding |
 a male |
 a male |
- BirdLife International (2004). Calypte anna. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern.
- Peterson, Roger Tory & Peterson, Virginia Marie (1990): Peterson's Field Guide to Western Birds, 3rd ed.. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-13218-X
- Ridgway, Robert (1909): Hybridism and Generic Characters in the Trochilidae. Auk, 26(4): 440-442. PDF fulltext
- Taylor, Walter P. (1909): An instance of hybridization in hummingbirds, with remarks on the weight of generic characters in the Trochilidae. Auk, 26(3): 291-293. PDF fulltext
