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Antofagasta
Nickname: "La perla del Norte"
Motto: Gloria, patria y tesón es tu lema y tu honor
Location of Antofagasta municipality in the Antofagasta Region
Region	Antofagasta Region
Province	Antofagasta Province
Settlement	October 22, 1868
Government
- Mayor	Daniel Adaro Silva
Area
- City	30,718.1 km²  (11,860.3 sq mi)
Population (2002)
- City	296,905
- Density	9.7/km² (25.1/sq mi)
Website: municipalidaddeantofagasta.cl

For the copper-mining company named after the region, see Antofagasta plc.

Antofagasta (help·info) (/antofa'γasta/) is a port city and episcopal see in northern Chile, about 700 miles north of Santiago. It is the capital of both Antofagasta Province and Antofagasta Region, and, according to the 2002 census, has a population of 318,779. The city's name comes from either a Quechua or Aymara word for "town of the great saltpeter bed".

Contents 1 Geography 2 History 3 Economy 4 Demographics 5 Transportation 6 Education 7 Gallery 8 References

Antofagasta is a long and narrow city located south of the Península de Mejillones and north of the Cerro Coloso, 768 miles north of Valparaíso. The city is surrounded on its eastern edge by steep hills that are part of Chile's Cordillera de la Costa, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west.

Antofagasta lies in the Atacama Desert, which is among the Earth's driest regions. According to The Chilean Geological Magazine, annual rainfall in the city averages less than 4 mm, and there was a period of 40 years when no rain fell.[1]

Mejillones is a small port 65 km to the north, on the northern part of Península de Mejillones. About 90 km north of Antofagasta is Hornitos Antofagasta, a beach that attracts both tourists and locals. Tocopilla is a coastal city 188 km north of Antofagasta. Calama, the second-largest city in the Antofagasta Region, is 213 km northeast of the regional capital. La Negra is a medium-sized industrial complex approximately 10 km south-east of Antofagasta, on the Pan-American Highway.

The first native inhabitants were the Changos, who fished, gathered shellfish, and hunted sea lions.^{[citation needed]} The region was also part of the Incan Empire.

Founded between 1866 and 1874 as a seaport for the recently discovered silver mines nearby, Antofagasta's original name was Peñas Blancas (Spanish for "White Boulders"). It was part of the Litoral Province of Bolivia until February 14, 1879, when it was occupied by Chilean troops. This event marked the beginning of the War of the Pacific. Antofagasta is sometimes referred to as the Captive Province. The Bolivian government has made efforts to regain control of the city.^{[citation needed]}

Antofagasta's economic development has been based on extraction of raw materials. Primary extraction has shifted from guano to potassium nitrate (saltpeter) to copper. Antofagasta was formerly known as the main copper port of Chile, however, in recent years Mejillones have taken the leadership in copper transportation mainly due major infrastructure investment in that area (including a new port called "Megapuerto de Mejillones"). The city's economic mainstay is based on providing housing and services to the mining operations surrounding the city.

Antofagasta's industrial complex is north of the city. The city has a small agricultural zone in Quebrada La Chimba.

According to the 2002 census, Antofagasta has a population of 318,779, making it the fourth-largest city in Chile. Its inhabitants are primarilly Chilean, with significant Croatian and Greek minorities. Because there are several large mines near Antofagasta, temporary migrant workers in the mines form a significant portion of residents.

Antofagasta has an airport, Aeropuerto Cerro Moreno, with civilian and military operations. The city also has two seaports: one is a state port near downtown Antofagasta; the other is part of La Escondida copper mine and is south of the city, near Cerro Coloso.

North of the city is a natural monument called La Portada de Antofagasta.

The city has several public and private educational facilities. Two major public universities (Universidad Católica del Norte and Universidad de Antofagasta) operate in the city. Several private universities (Universidad del Mar, Universidad Mayor, and others) have been open since 2002. Previously, the now-defunct Universidad José Santos Ossa was the only private university in Antofagasta.

Although the public schools are distributed almost uniformly throughout the city, the private schools operate mainly in the central and southern part of the city, where the wealthiest inhabitants reside.

Antofagasta is bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the west and steep hills to the east	Street in Antofagasta	Plaza and cathedral	San Jose cathedral
La Portada de Antofagasta

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This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Coordinates: 23°39′S 70°24′W