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Arisaka rifle
Arisaka Type 99 rifle
Type	bolt-action rifle
Place of origin	Japan
Service history
In service	1898-1945
Production history
Designer	Nariakira Arisaka
Designed	??
Variants	Type 30, 38, 44, 97, 99
Specifications
Length	50 in (1270 mm) long version
Barrel length	31.4 in (798 mm) long version
Cartridge	6.5x50mm Arisaka 7.7x58mm Arisaka
Action	Mauser-Type Straight Bolt
Rate of fire	N/A
Muzzle velocity	2400 ft/s (730 m/s)
Effective range	400 m
Feed system	5

Arisaka Rifle (有坂銃 Arisaka-jū) is a family of Japanese military bolt-action rifles, in production from approximately 1898 until the end of World War II in 1945. The most common specimens include the Type 38 rifle chambered in the 6.5x50mm Arisaka cartridge, and the Type 99 rifle chambered in the 7.7x58mm Japanese cartridge. Many thousands of Type 99s were brought to the United States by GIs during and after World War II.

The Arisaka Rifle was designed by Colonel Nariakira Arisaka (有坂 成章; 1852 - 1915), who was later promoted to Lieutenant General and also received the title of baron from Emperor Meiji, in 1907. Several productions runs were made, with later models being made more cheaply, for example the ovoid bulb-shaped bolt of earlier runs was replaced by a smaller and utilitarian cylindrical shape.

The Arisaka bolt-action rifle saw heavy use everywhere the Japanese Imperial Army fought. Prior to WWII, Arisakas were used by the British Navy, Russian Army, in Finland and Albania. The Czech Legion that fought in the Russian Revolution were almost entirely armed with Type 30 & 38 Arisakas. Many captured Arisaka rifles were employed by neighboring countries both during and after World War II, in places such as China, Thailand and Cambodia. However, after the Japanese surrender in the summer of 1945, all manufacturing of rifles and ammunition stopped abruptly, causing the Arisaka to quickly become obsolete. Since most Imperial Japanese Armoury contents were thrown into Tokyo Harbour after the signing of the surrender, spare ammunition also became rare.

One of the final standing orders of the Imperial Army was to file off the Emperor's family chrysanthemum insignia, or mon, from each of the rifles, thereby preventing dishonor from having the symbol fall into surrender. Therefore, the value of one of the rifles to a collector is slightly higher if the insignia, referred to by collectors as a "mum", is intact, as this implies the rifle was captured on the battlefield prior to Japan's surrender.

Ground "mum"

Caution should be exercised with all Japanese rifles, both due to lower quality of the "last ditch" rifles produced near the end of the war, and because many Arisaka rifles brought back by GIs were often modified to use different and more readily available ammunition than the original Japanese calibers.

Type 38 Arisakas were commonly rechambered to the readily available and popular .257 Roberts, as it and the original 6.5x50SR share case and projectile diameters, differing only in case length - the .257 being slightly longer.

The Japanese Type 99 in 7.7 x 58mm was sometimes converted to .30-06, which is of similar but not identical dimensions. While the .30-06 can be fired by lengthening the chamber of the rifle slightly (from 58 to 63mm), the 7.7 case is slightly wider than the .30-06 and uses a slightly larger-diameter bullet, meaning a .30-06 cartridge case will swell slightly to fit the oversized chamber, and a standard .30-06 bullet with a .308 diameter will not provide a good fit to the .310-312 diameter rifling.

Fortunately, ammunition for the Type 99 Arisaka rifle can easily be made by running 30-06 cases through a 7.7 die and trimming to length. British .303 bullets (Speer 150 Grain) work well with 45.0 Grains of DuPont 4064 powder. Federal 210 primers are a good choice. Norma manufactures loaded ammunition for the 7.7 X 58mm, as well as making new brass available for reloaders. Since the base of the 7.7 X 58mm is slightly larger than the .30-06 (thereby causing varying amounts of bulging of reformed brass in this area), some owners may find it preferable to use the Norma brass. Bullets and powder charges of inexpensive surplus .303 British ammunition may also be loaded into 7.7 X 58mm cases to produce a rifle cartridges with ballistics that are similar to the original Japanese military load.

Full view of the Type 99	Buttstock of the Type 99	Locked Type 99 bolt	Unlocked Type 99 bolt
Close-up of the Type 99 bolt	Ground "mum"	Barrel of the Type 99 showing rifling	Type 99 sights
Type 99 bayonet	Type 99 bayonet attached

• Type 38 rifle

• Description of Arisaka Type 99
• Rifle markings