Aristide Briand

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Aristide Briand
Aristide Briand
In office
July 24, 1909 – March 2, 1911
Preceded by Georges Clemenceau
Succeeded by Ernest Monis
In office
January 21, 1913 – March 22, 1913
Preceded by Raymond Poincaré
Succeeded by Louis Barthou
In office
October 29, 1915 – March 20, 1917
Preceded by René Viviani
Succeeded by Alexandre Ribot
In office
January 16, 1921 – January 15, 1922
Preceded by Georges Leygues
Succeeded by Raymond Poincaré
In office
November 28, 1925 – July 20, 1926
Preceded by Paul Painlevé
Succeeded by Édouard Herriot
In office
July 29, 1929 – November 2, 1929
Preceded by Raymond Poincaré
Succeeded by André Tardieu
Born March 28, 1862
Died March 7, 1932 (aged 69)
Political party SFIO
PRS

Aristide Briand (28 March 1862 – 7 March 1932) was a French statesman who served several terms as Prime Minister of France and won the Nobel Peace Prize.

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He was born in Nantes, Brittany of a bourgeois family. He attended the Nantes Lycée, where, in 1877, he developed a close friendship with Jules Verne.[1] He studied law, and soon went into politics, associating himself with the most advanced movements, writing articles for the anarchist journal Le Peuple, and directing the Lanterne for some time. From this he passed to the Petite République, leaving it to found L'Humanité, in collaboration with Jean Jaurès.

At the same time he was prominent in the movement for the formation of trade unions, and at the congress of working men at Nantes in 1894 he secured the adoption of the labour union idea against the adherents of Jules Guesde. From that time, Briand became one of the leaders of the French Socialist Party. In 1902, after several unsuccessful attempts, he was elected deputy. He declared himself a strong partisan of the union of the Left in what is known as the Bloc, in order to check the reactionary deputies of the Right.

From the beginning of his career in the chamber of deputies, Briand was occupied with the question of the separation of church and state. He was appointed reporter of the commission charged with the preparation of the 1905 law on separation, and his masterly report at once marked him out as one of the coming leaders. He succeeded in carrying his project through with but slight modifications, and without dividing the parties upon whose support he relied.

He was the principal author of the law of separation, but, not content with preparing it, he wished to apply it as well, especially as the ministry of Maurice Rouvier was allowing disturbances during the taking of inventories of church property, a clause of the law for which Briand was not responsible. Consequently he accepted the portfolio of Public Instruction and Worship in the Sarrien ministry (1906). So far as the chamber was concerned his success was complete. But the acceptance of a position in a bourgeois ministry led to his exclusion from the Unified Socialist party (March 1906). As opposed to Jaurès, he contended that the Socialists should co-operate actively with the Radicals in all matters of reform, and not stand aloof to await the complete fulfilment of their ideals.

Briand succeeded Clemenceau as Prime Minister in 1909, serving until 1911, and served again for a few months in 1913. In October 1915, following on French defeats in the First World War, Briand again became Prime Minister, and, for the first time, Foreign Minister, succeeding René Viviani and Théophile Delcassé respectively. His tenure was not particularly successful, and he resigned in March 1917 as a result of disagreements over the prospective Nivelle Offensive, to be succeeded by Alexandre Ribot.

Briand returned to power in 1921, but his efforts to come to an agreement over reparations with the Germans failed in the wake of German intransigence, and he was succeeded by the more bellicose Raymond Poincaré. In the wake of the Ruhr Crisis, however, Briand's more conciliatory style became more acceptable, and he returned to the Quai d'Orsay in 1925, remaining foreign minister until his death. Briand negotiated the Briand-Ceretti Agreement with the Vatican giving the French government a role in the appointment of Catholic bishops.

Aristide Briand received the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize together with Gustav Stresemann of Germany for the Locarno Treaties (Austen Chamberlain of the United Kingdom had won a share of the Peace Prize a year earlier for the same agreement). A 1927 proposal by Briand and United States Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg for a universal pact outlawing war led the following year to the Pact of Paris, aka the Kellogg-Briand Pact.

The cordial relations between Briand and Stresemann, the leading statesmen of their respective countries, were cut short by the unexpected death of Stresemann in 1929 and of Briand in 1932.

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Preceded by
Jean-Baptiste Bienvenu-Martin		 Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
1906–1908		 Succeeded by
Gaston Doumergue
Minister of Worship
1906–1911		 Succeeded by
Ernest Monis
Preceded by
Edmond Guyot-Dessaigne		 Minister of Justice
1908–1909		 Succeeded by
Louis Barthou
Preceded by
Georges Clemenceau		 Prime Minister of France
1909–1911		 Succeeded by
Ernest Monis
Minister of the Interior
1909–1911
Preceded by
Jean Brun		 interim Minister of War
1911		 Succeeded by
Maurice Berteaux
Preceded by
Jean Cruppi		 Minister of Justice
1912–1913		 Succeeded by
Louis Barthou
Preceded by
Raymond Poincaré		 Prime Minister of France
1913		 Succeeded by
Louis Barthou
Preceded by
Théodore Steeg		 Minister of the Interior
1913		 Succeeded by
Louis Lucien Klotz
Preceded by
Jean-Baptiste Bienvenu-Martin		 Minister of Justice
1914–1915		 Succeeded by
René Viviani
Preceded by
René Viviani		 Prime Minister of France
1915–1917		 Succeeded by
Alexandre Ribot
Minister of Foreign Affairs
1915–1917
Preceded by
Georges Leygues		 Prime Minister of France
1921–1922		 Succeeded by
Raymond Poincaré
Minister of Foreign Affairs
1921–1922
Preceded by
Édouard Herriot		 Minister of Foreign Affairs
1925–1926		 Succeeded by
Édouard Herriot
Preceded by
Paul Painlevé		 Prime Minister of France
1925–1926
Preceded by
Édouard Herriot		 Minister of Foreign Affairs
1926–1932		 Succeeded by
Pierre Laval
Preceded by
Raymond Poincaré		 Prime Minister of France
1929		 Succeeded by
André Tardieu

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Nobel Peace Prize Laureates
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