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Astronaut Badge
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Astronaut Badge is a badge of the United States, awarded to military and civilian pilots who have completed training and performed a successful spaceflight. A variation of the astronaut badge is also issued to civilians who are employed with NASA as specialists on spaceflight missions.
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A military Astronaut must complete all required training to receive the badge, as well as participate in a spaceflight more than 50 miles above the Earth. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale defines spaceflight as over 100 km (62 miles). This definition is followed by all countries except the U.S., which maintains the space boundary at 50 miles or 80 km.
Eight pilots from the U.S. Air Force and NASA have qualified for the Astronaut Badge by flying an (rocket-propelled) aircraft into space. All eight flew as part of the X-15 program. Two pilots have entered space in the Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne vehicle, flying a suborbital trajectory. All other persons have been awarded the Astronaut Badge by traveling into space on rocket boosters, rather than in aerodynamic flight.
Each of the military services issues its own version of the Astronaut Badge, which consists of a standard Aviation Badge with an Astronaut Device (shooting star through a halo) centered on the badge's shield, or escutcheon. The United States Army and Air Force Astronaut Badges are issued in three degrees: Basic, Senior, and Master/Command. The Senior Astronaut Badge is denoted by a star centered above the decoration, while the Master/Command level is indicated by a star and wreath.
The Astronaut Badge issued by the U.S. Army is awarded in three levels: Basic, Senior, and Master. An Army astronaut may also receive a variation of the badge if training was completed but the astronaut never participated in a space mission. In such cases, the Army issues the Army Aviation Badge with Astronaut Device.
The U.S. Air Force issues its astronaut badge in three degrees: Basic, Senior, and Command. The Air Force Astronaut Badge consists of a standard USAF Pilot Badge, upon which is centered the Astronaut Device. The Air Force does not consider Astronaut to be a separate rating from its five established "rated" badges, but as a "qualifier" to them, and may only be awarded by the Air Force Chief of Staff after written application upon completion of an operational space mission. The rating of Observer is used for Mission Specialists who have completed training but not a mission.
The Naval Astronaut insignia is issued in a single degree by the U.S. Navy and consists of a Naval Aviator insignia or Naval Flight Officer insignia with a centered astronaut emblem.
United States Marine Corps astronauts are issued the Naval Astronaut insignia upon completion of training and participation in a space flight. The Marine Corps refers to the insignia by its Navy title. The badge is identical for both the Navy and the Marine Corps.
The United States Coast Guard Astronaut Badges are also issued in the same manner as the United States Navy.
NASA also has an Astronaut Badge, which is issued to civilian personnel who participate in U.S. space missions.
The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration has granted commercial astronaut wings to private pilots who have performed a successful spaceflight.
In addition to the Astronaut Badge, which is worn on a military uniform, an Astronaut Pin is also issued to all NASA astronauts. It is lapel pin, worn on civilian clothing. The pin is issued in two grades, silver and gold, with the silver pin awarded to candidates who have successfully completed astronaut training and the gold pin to astronauts who have actually flown in space.
Apollo 12 astronaut Alan Bean took his silver pin to the moon in November 1969 and left it on the lunar surface. He said later that since he had worn the silver pin for six years and that he'd be wearing a gold pin after the mission, he wouldn't be needing his silver one any more, so "what better place to leave it than on the moon?".
A unique astronaut pin was made for NASA astronaut Deke Slayton in 1967. It was gold in color, but instead of the star, it had a small diamond in its place. It was made at the request of the crew of Apollo 1 as a tribute to Slayton's work at NASA. The idea was that everyone in the Astronaut Office had thought that Slayton would never get to fly in space (due to his heart murmur; he would later fly on board the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project as Docking Module Pilot), but as they knew that it was primarily because of him that they managed to do so, he should wear a gold pin rather than a silver one as a token of appreciation. As they knew that Slayton would refuse to wear the exact same gold pin as veteran astronauts, the diamond was substituted. It was supposed to have been flown on board the Apollo 1 spacecraft when it was launched into space, then given to Slayton after the mission was over. However, the Apollo 1 crew died in the launch pad fire in January 1967. The pin was given to Slayton by the widows of the dead crew as a token of condolence. This diamond-studded gold pin was later flown to the moon on Apollo 11 in July 1969.[citation needed]