From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Part of a series of articles on Jews and Judaism           Who is a Jew? · Etymology · Culture Judaism · Core principles God · Tanakh (Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim) Talmud · Halakha · Holidays Passover · Prayer  · Tzedakah Ethics · Mitzvot (613) · Customs · Midrash Jewish ethnic divisions Ashkenazi · Sephardi · Mizrahi Population (historical) · By country Israel · Iran · USA · Russia/USSR · Poland · Canada · Germany · France · England  · Scotland · India · Spain · Portugal · Latin America Under Muslim rule · Turkey · Iraq · Syria Lists of Jews · Crypto-Judaism Jewish denominations · Rabbis Orthodox · Conservative · Reform Reconstructionist · Liberal · Karaite Alternative · Renewal Jewish languages Hebrew · Yiddish · Judeo-Persian Ladino · Judeo-Aramaic · Judeo-Arabic Juhuri · Krymchak · Karaim · Knaanic Yevanic · Zarphatic · Dzhidi · Bukhori Political movements · Zionism Labor Zionism · Revisionist Zionism Religious Zionism · General Zionism The Bund · World Agudath Israel Jewish feminism · Israeli politics History · Timeline · Leaders Ancient · Temple · Babylonian exile Jerusalem (in Judaism · Timeline) Hasmoneans · Sanhedrin · Schisms Pharisees · Jewish-Roman wars Relationship with Christianity; with Islam Diaspora · Middle Ages · Kabbalah Hasidism · Haskalah · Emancipation Holocaust · Aliyah · Israel (History) Arab conflict  · Land of Israel Persecution · Antisemitism History of antisemitism New antisemitism v • d • e

An Atheist Jew is a member of the Jewish community who does not believe in God but still considers himself or herself a Jew. Some Jewish atheists retain customs of the Jewish faith, while others identify as Jewish primarily through ethnic or cultural ties.

Because Jewishness encompasses ethnic as well as religious components, it should be noted that the term "Atheist Jew" does not necessarily imply any kind of contradiction, unlike, for example "Atheist Methodist" or "Atheist Baptist". So is the case of cultural mormons, for example. Based on Jewish law's emphasis on matrilineal descent, Orthodox Jewish authorities would accept as fully Jewish an atheist with a Jewish mother.^[1]

Jewish atheism can take both organized and unorganized forms. On the one hand, there is a long tradition of atheistic and secular Jewish organizations, from the Jewish socialist Bund in early twentieth-century Poland to the modern Society for Humanistic Judaism in the United States. Many Jewish atheists feel comfortable within any of the four major Jewish denominations (Orthodox, Reform, Conservative, and Reconstructionist). Again, this presents less of a contradiction than might first seem apparent given even traditional Judaism's emphasis on practice over belief. Much recent Jewish theology makes few if any metaphysical claims and is thus compatible with atheism on an ontological level. The founder of the Reconstructionist movement, Mordechai Kaplan, espoused a naturalistic definition of God, while some post-Holocaust theology has also eschewed a personal God.

Other Jewish atheists remain deeply uncomfortable with the use of theistic language, however defined. However, for such Jews traditional practice and symbolism can still retain powerful meaning. For example, to an Atheist Jew, the Menorah might represent the infinite power of the Jewish spirit. No mention of a divine force in Jewish history would be accepted literally; the Torah may be viewed as a common mythology of the Jewish people, not a faith document or correct history.

There are a number of people who, although they have Jewish ancestry, are atheists and do not consider themselves Jews. Some Jewish groups have expressed the view that Judaism is a religion, not a race, stating that non-practicing Jews should be called simply "atheists" not "atheist Jews".

Many Jewish atheists would reject even this level of ritualized and symbolic identification, instead embracing a thoroughgoing secularism and basing their Jewishness entirely in ethnicity and secular Jewish culture. Judaism is arguably the paradigm example of the evolution of a culture and tradition that one can embrace without religious faith.

Contents 1 Semitic atheist vs. Jewish atheist 2 Ideology 3 List of atheist Jews 4 See also 5 Notes

"Semite" is a broad ethnic classification (for people belonging to a branch of Afro-Asiatic subrace of the Europeoid, or Europoid macro-race). "Jew" is a religious classification as well as a narrow ethnic classification. Most Jews are Semites, but some Jews are non-Semitic converts. Likewise, most Semites are not Jews.

The ideology of most humanistic Jewish atheist groups can be divided into two categories: Pro-Palestinian / Liberal / Socialist and Pro-Israel / Independent / Conservative. While a conservative attitude may seem at odds with the respect for others philosophy of the humanist/atheist Jew, it can indeed be rationalised. In this new world of radicalism and terrorism, the Jewish atheist may desire to protect and preserve what was originally meant to be a place of safety, a homeland for all Jews - The nation of Israel. This level of dedication, or zionism, in fact is totally at odds with the goals of many humanistic societies. Thus the atheist Jew whilst desirous of belonging to a community, finds as an additional challenge, the need to find one most akin to his political views.

• Woody Allen
• Isaac Asimov
• Carl Sagan
• Irving Berlin
• Andrew Bernstein
• Lewis Black
• Noam Chomsky
• David Cross
• Sigmund Freud
• Billy Joel
• Karl Marx
• Teller (magician)
• Leon Trotsky
• Seth Green
• Brian Solomon

• Who is a Jew?
• Schisms among the Jews
• Jews in apostacy
• Conversion to Judaism
• Judaism and Christianity
• Haskalah
• Humanistic Judaism
• Secular Jew
• Orthodox Jew, Reform Jew, Atheist Jew? From "Personal Site of a Jewish Atheist"

1. ^ http://www.chabad.org/library/article.asp?AID=45132

v • d • e Atheism topics
List of atheists · Demographics · Religion · History · State atheism · Criticism · Discrimination · Persecution · Nontheism · Weak and strong · Agnostic atheism · Implicit and explicit · Antitheism · Arguments