Atrioventricular node

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Atrioventricular node
AV node visible near bend of red line.
Latin nodus atrioventricularis
Artery atrioventricular nodal branch
Dorlands/Elsevier n_09/12576113

The atrioventricular node (abbreviated AV node) is an area of specialized tissue between the atria and the ventricles of the heart, which conducts the normal electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles.

The AV node may also be (rarely) referred to as the Aschoff-Tawara node.[1]

Contents

The AV node receives two inputs from the atria: posteriorly via the crista terminalis, and anteriorly via the interatrial septum.[2]

An important property that is unique to the AV node is decremental conduction, in which the more frequently the node is stimulated, the slower it conducts. This is the property of the AV node that prevents rapid conduction to the ventricle in cases of rapid atrial rhythms, such as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter.

The atrioventricular node delays impulses for a while before allowing impulses through to the His-Purkinje conduction system, which spreads impulses to the ventricular walls. The reason it is important to delay the cardiac impulse is to ensure that the atria have ejected their blood into the ventricles before the ventricles contract.[3]

The blood supply of the AV node is from a branch of the right coronary artery in 85% to 90% of individuals, and from a branch of the left circumflex artery in 10% to 15% of individuals. When the RCA supplies the AV node, the coronary system is said to be "right dominant," and when the AV node is supplied by the LCX, the system is "left dominant."

  1. ^ synd/454 at Who Named It
  2. ^ ACC/AHA/ESC Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation - Executive Summary (Full text)
  3. ^ Campbell, N., & Reece, J. (2002). Biology. 6th ed. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings.

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v • d • e
Anatomy of torso, cardiovascular system: heart
Structures atria (interatrial septum, musculi pectinati) • ventricles (interventricular septum, trabeculae carneae, chordae tendinae, papillary muscle) • valves • cusps
Regions base • apex • grooves (coronary/atrioventricular, interatrial, anterior interventricula, posterior interventricular) • surfaces (sternocostal, diaphragmatic) • borders (right, left)
Right heart (vena cavae, coronary sinus) → right atrium (auricle, fossa ovalis, limbus of fossa ovalis, crista terminalis, valve of the inferior vena cava, valve of the coronary sinus) → tricuspid valve → right ventricle (conus arteriosus, moderator band/septomarginal trabecula)  → pulmonary valve → (pulmonary artery and pulmonary circulation)
Left heart (pulmonary veins) → left atrium (auricle) → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve (aortic sinus) → (aorta and systemic circulation)
Layers pericardium: fibrous pericardium • serous pericardium (pericardial cavity, epicardium/visceral layer) • pericardial sinus
myocardium • endocardium • cardiac skeleton (fibrous trigone, fibrous rings)
Conduction system Cardiac pacemaker • SA node • AV node• bundle of His • Purkinje fibers
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrioventricular_node"
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