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Coordinates: 27°11′N, 56°16′E

Bandar Abbas بندر عباس
Bandar Abbas skyline in 2007.
Nickname: The Crab Port
Bandar Abbas
Coordinates: 27°11′N 56°16′E / 27.183, 56.267
Country	Iran
Province	Hormozgān
Settled	prior to 600 B.C.
Elevation	9 m (30 ft)
Population (2005)
- Total	352,173
Time zone	IRST (UTC+3:30)
Postal code	79177
Area code(s)	0761

Bandar Abbas or Bandar-e ‘Abbās (in Persian: بندر عباس; formerly known as Gombroon) is a port city and capital of Hormozgān Province on the southern coast of Iran (Persia), on the Persian Gulf. The city occupies a strategic position on the narrow Straits of Hormuz, and it is the location of the main base of the Iranian Navy. It had an estimated population of 352,173 in 2005.^[1]

Contents 1 Geography 1.1 Climate 1.2 Transportation 1.2.1 Roads 2 Language 3 History and etymology 3.1 Ancient history 3.2 The Renaissance and Enlightenment 3.3 Modern history 4 Products 4.1 Exports 5 Universities 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

Bandar Abbas is situated on flat ground with an average altitude of 9 m (30 ft) above sea level. The nearest elevated areas are Mt. Geno, 17 km (11 mi) to the north, and Mt. Pooladi, 16 km (10 mi) to the northwest of the city. The closest river to Bandar Abbas is the River Shoor, which is rooted from Mt. Geno and pours into the Persian Gulf, 10 km (6 mi) east of the city.

Bandar Abbas has a hot and humid climate. Maximum temperature in summers can reach up to 49 °C (120 °F) while in winters the minimum temperature drops to about 5 °C (40 °F). The annual rainfall is around 251 mm (1 in) and the relative humidity is 66%.

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
minimum average temperature (°F)	53.8	57.2	63.5	69.6	76.5	82.4	86.5	86.2	81.9	74.3	64.4	56.3
maximum average temperature (°F)	74.3	75.9	81.9	88.9	97.3	101.1	100.8	99.9	98.2	95	86.7	77.9
rainfall (in inches)	1.56	1.87	1.37	0.42	0.19	0	0.02	0.09	0.03	0.05	0.2	0.94
days of rain	3.3	3.1	2.6	1.3	0.2	0	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.4	2.3
Source : World Meteorological Organization

Bandar Abbas International Airport has capacity and facilities for landing large transport airplanes.

Bandar Abbas is accessible via the following highways:

• Bandar Abbas-Sirjan, 300 km (186 mi) to the northeast.
• Bandar Abbas-Kerman, 484 km (301 mi) to the northeast.
• Bandar Abbas-Shiraz, 650 km (404 mi) to the north.
• Bandar Abbas-Zahedan, 722 km (449 mi) to the east.

Original Bandaris (residents of Bandar Abbas) speak Bandari (بندری), a dialect of Farsi. Bandari may be similar to Middle Persian and Balochi. Interestingly, Bandari has loanwords from various European languages (e.g. tawāl, "towel") and Arabic (e.g. atā [اتا], "to come").

Bandar Abbas has always been a port, and as such its various names have all addressed this function. The most common name over time (Gombroon) has traditionally been said to derive from Persian gümrük, customhouse (from Late Greek kommerkion, from Latin commercium, "commerce"), but is now speculated to be from Persian kamrūn, shrimp (which in Portuguese is camarão, similar to the former Portuguese name).^[2]

The earliest record of Bandar Abbas is during the reign of Darius the Great (between 586 and 522 B.C.). Darius's commander, Silacus, embarked from Bandar Abbas to India which is now present Pakistan and the Red Sea

During Alexander's conquest of the Persian Empire, Bandar Abbas was known under the name of Hormirzad.

By the 1500's, Bandar Abbas was known as Gamrūn to the Persians. In 1565, a European navigator called it Bamdel Gombruc (that is, Bandar Gümrük, or "Customhouse Port"), citing this as the Persian and Turkish name. In 1612, the Portuguese took the city from Lorestān and transliterated the name to Comorão.

Almost two years later (in 1615), Comorão was taken by ‘Abbās the Great after a naval battle with the Portuguese and renamed Bandar-e ‘Abbās, or "Port of ‘Abbās". Backed by the British navy, ‘Abbās developed Bandar-e ‘Abbās (known to the English-speaking world as Gombraun) into a major port.

By 1622, the Portuguese and English names had been officially combined to form Combrù or Combu, although the inhabitants still called it Bandar-e ‘Abbās. Sir Thomas Herbert said the official English name was Gumbrown, but pronounced "gŏmrōōn". He wrote in 1630 that "some (but I commend them not) write it Gamrou, others Gomrow, and othersome Cummeroon."

By the 1670's, the city was known as Gombroon or Gomberoon.

From 1740 onward, control of the town was sold to various Arab rulers, and from c. 1780 it was controlled by Muscat (now a governorate of Oman). In 1868, during Oman's decline, the town reverted to Persian rule.

In the 1980's, the name "Gombroon" was changed in favor of "Bandar Abbas", following similar movements with Iranian names (see Iran naming dispute).

Bandar Abbas serves as a major shipping point for mostly imports, and has a long history of trade with India. Thousands of tourists visit the city and nearby islands including Qeshm and Hormuz every year.

• Date, citrus, tobacco and factory goods (e.g. canned tuna fish).

• Transit goods, dates, citrus, tobacco, fishery; Bandar Abbas was formerly famous for its export of Iranian pottery, known as "gombroon".

1. Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences
2. University of Hormozgan
3. Islamic Azad University of Bandar Abbas

• Bandar Abbas International Airport
• Bushehr
• History of Iran
• Iran Air Flight 655
• Zār

• www.hums.ac.ir/english/province/hormozgan english/bandar_abbas.htm
• www.iranchamber.com/cities/bandar_abbas.php

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