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Baraba language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Baraba | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Russia | |
| Region: | Siberia | |
| Total speakers: | 8,000[1] | |
| Language family: | Altaic[2] (controversial) Turkic Kypchak Kypchak-Bolgar Baraba |
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | tt | |
| ISO 639-2: | tat | |
| ISO 639-3: | tat | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Baraba or Baraba Tatar is a Turkic language spoken by about 8,000 people in Russian Siberia. It is closely related to Tatar and some linguists consider Baraba to be a dialect of Tatar.
Baraba Tatar falls into a continuum of Tatar dialects spoken through Siberia. The term Baraba Tatar may be used to refer to all Siberian Tatar dialects.
Contents |
Baraba Tatar is a Turkic language belonging to the Kypchak branch. Within the Kypchak branch, Baraba is subgrouped with the closely related Tatar language and the less-closely related Bashkir language in the Kypchak-Bolgar family. Some linguists consider Baraba and other Turkic languages to be members of the Altaic macro-family.
Baraba Tatar is spoken in the Tyumen and Tomsk Oblasts in Russia. It is not an official language. Standard Kazan Tatar is used as the literary language.
Baraba Tatar possesses a number of features that distinguish it from Kazan Tatar:
- Change of /tʃ/ to /ts/: tʃætʃ → tsæts "hair"
- Devoicing of initial stops: baʃ → paʃ "head"
- Devoicing of final /z/ to /s/: sez → sis "you (plural)"
- Lack of sound changes /e/ ↔ /i/ and /o/ ↔ /u/: jort → jurt "home", kil- → kel- "come"
| Labial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p b | t d | k ɡ | q | ||
| Affricate | ʦ | ʧ | ||||
| Fricative | (f) (v) | s (z) | ʃ (ʒ) | x ɣ | h | |
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Lateral Glide | l | |||||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Semivowel | w ɥ | j |
- Sounds in paretheses appear only in loan words.
- The sounds [ʦ] and [ʧ] appear in free variation. The replacement of [ʧ] with [ʦ] is a feature that distinguishes Baraba from Kazan Tatar.[3]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i y | ɯ u | |
| Mid | e ø | ë ø̈ ö | o |
| Low | æ | a |
| Altaic languages |
|---|
| Turkic languages • Mongolic languages • Tungusic languages • Japonic languages* • Korean language* |
| Notes: *Japonic and Korean are not generally recognized as belonging to the Altaic language family. See also Buyeo languages. |
|
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| Oghur | Bulgar† | Chuvash | Hunnic† | Khazar† | Turkic Avar† | ||
| Uyghur | Old Turkic† | Aini²| Chagatay† | Ili Turki | Lop | Uyghur | Uzbek | ||
| Kypchak | Altay | Baraba | Bashkir | Crimean Tatar¹ | Cuman† | Karachay-Balkar | Karaim | Karakalpak | Kazakh | Kipchak† | Krymchak | Kumyk | Kyrgyz | Nogai | Old Tatar† | Tatar | Urum¹ | ||
| Oghuz | Afshar | Azerbaijani | Crimean Tatar¹ | Gagauz | Khorasani Turkic | Ottoman Turkish† | Pecheneg† | Qashqai | Salar | Turkish | Turkmen | Urum¹ | ||
| Arghu | Khalaj | ||
| Northeastern | Chulym | Dolgan | Fuyü Gïrgïs | Khakas | Shor | Tofa | Tuvan | Western Yugur | Sakha/Yakut | ||
| Notes: ¹Listed in more than one group, ²Mixed language, ³Disputed, †Extinct | |||
- ^ The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire. Retrieved on 21 October 2006.
- ^ "[1] Ethnologue"
- ^ Дмитриева, Л. В. (1981). Язык Барабинских Татар (Материалы и Исследования) (in Russian). Leningrad: Академия Наук СССР.