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The Battle of Five Armies is a battle depicted in The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien.

The Battle of Five Armies was fought between the Goblins and the Wargs against the Men of the Long Lake, the Elves of Mirkwood, and the Dwarves on and near the Lonely Mountain. The hobbit Bilbo Baggins, the wizard Gandalf the Grey, Beorn, and the great Eagles of the Misty Mountains also took part but are not included in the count of five armies.

Smaug was a dragon who had destroyed the dwarven kingdom below Erebor and the neighbouring wealthy town of Dale many years before, driving Thorin II Oakenshield, heir of Durin, into exile. Smaug stole all the treasure of Erebor and Dale, gathering it into a deep chamber under the Mountain, where he lived thereafter.

Prior to the battle, Lake-town, the town of the Men of the Long Lake, was attacked by Smaug, who had discovered Thorin's secret expedition, and had found out who had aided them - the Men of the Long Lake. Bard the Bowman, the heir of the Lords of Dale, killed the dragon. However, the town was destroyed in the process.

The Wood-elves found out that Smaug was dead, and wanted a share of the ancient dwarves' treasure. Hearing of the Lake men's trouble, they changed course and left supplies there. The men of the Long Lake who were still unharmed marched with the Elves north to the Mountain, because some of the treasure belonged to Bard, and because they wanted compensation for their losses. However, Thorin refused them any treasure.

Thorin's company was then trapped in a bloodless siege, with Thranduil, King of Mirkwood, and Bard hoping to wait him out. However, Thorin had sent messages of his plight to his relatives using talking messenger Ravens that lived on the Lonely Mountain. These reached Dáin II Ironfoot of the nearby Iron Hills, and he marched to Erebor with over 500 heavily armed dwarves, most of them skilled veterans of the War of the Dwarves and Orcs. When Dáin's forces arrived, battle was almost joined between the two sides (now three armies were on the field) but at the last moment Gandalf intervened between the two and revealed that while they were bickering amongst themselves, the Goblins of the Misty Mountains and Grey Mountains under Bolg were using the opportunity to march against them. They had been incited by Gandalf's earlier slaying of the Great Goblin, but had now mobilized for a full-scale attack after hearing news of the death of the Dragon and the now relatively unguarded treasure hoard.

The three commanders agreed that the Goblins were the enemies of all, and previous grievances between them were put on hold in face of the greater threat. They arranged their forces on the two spurs of the Mountain that lined the valley leading to the now-sealed off great gate; the only entrance to the Mountain. The Dwarves and Lake-men formed up on one spur and the Elves on the other, while a light rear-guard lined across the mouth of the valley to lure the Goblins between the two, and thus destroy them. Bilbo Baggins hid himself with his ring, hoping to avoid the battle.

Soon the Goblins and Wargs arrived (and now five armies were on the field), and at first the plan worked: they were lured into the choke point by a thin line of men of Lake-town and took heavy losses. However, due to their superior numbers, the allied Free Folk did not hold the advantage long. The second wave was even worse than the first, and now many Goblins scaled the mountain from the opposite side, and began to attack the arrayed forces from above and behind, as the main wave pressed forward. The battle raged across the Mountain, and then a great noise was heard: Thorin and his 12 Dwarf companions inside the mountain had thrown down the stone wall they had erected across the mouth of the gates, killing many Goblins. Thorin and his companions then charged out to join the battle, covered from head to toe in the finest armour and weapons contained in the treasure hoard of Erebor. Thorin advanced through the Goblins' ranks all the way up to the gigantic Goblins that formed the bodyguard of Bolg, who he could not get past. He was outflanked and surrounded, and was forced to form his troops into a great circle.

As the battle was turning fully against the Free Folk, a large force of Eagles of the Misty Mountains arrived, led by the Lord of the Eagles. Bilbo was the first to spot their entrance on the scene and began shouting that "the Eagles are coming!", a shout that was then continued among the other troops of the Free Folk. At this point Bilbo was knocked in the head by a large stone thrown by a goblin from above, and he passed out. With the support of the Eagles, who cast down the goblins from the mountain itself, freeing the Free Folk to fight on just one front in the valley rather than have to divide themselves, the battle turned back against the Goblins. Then Beorn himself arrived at the battle, apparently having heard news that a large army of Goblins was on the move. This time he did not appear in his former shape of a large Man, but had changed his skin to that of a huge bear. Beorn drove through the Goblin lines, but paused to carry the wounded Thorin out of the battle with his paw. Beorn then returned to the battle with even greater wrath and smashed the ranks of the bodyguard of Bolg, ultimately killing Bolg himself. The Goblins eventually panicked and scattered, to be picked off by hunting forces from the victors later.

Thorin II Oakenshield had been mortally wounded on the field, and his nephews Fíli and Kíli died defending him as he lay on the ground. Thorin died soon after the battle, after meeting Bilbo one last time.

After defeating the Goblins and Wargs, the victors divided the treasure. Bard took Bilbo's fourteenth share of the gold and silver in return for the Arkenstone, whereupon he shared his reward with the Master of Lake-town and gave the Elven-king Thranduil the emeralds of Girion. Bilbo, despite having forfeited his share, was offered the richest reward for helping the other dwarves of the expedition out of many dangers, but, anticipating difficulty transporting the load back home, and not being too fond of treasure, refused to take more than two small chests of gold and silver and his small suit of mithril chainmail.

The battle is featured in the animated version of The Hobbit, where many more of Thorin's company die.