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Battle of Liaoyang
Part of the Russo-Japanese War
Russian General Prince Kuropatkin at the Battle of Liaoyang "Having Tactical Difficulties and the Whole Army Being Defeated, Bravely Came Forward into the Field to Do Bloody Battle"
Date August 24 – September 4, 1904 Location Near Mukden–Port Arthur Railway Result Russian retreat
Combatants
Empire of Japan	Imperial Russia
Commanders
Oyama Iwao	Alexei Kuropatkin
Strength
115 battalions, 33 squadrons, 484 guns[1][2] 127,360 men	208,5 battalions, 153 squadrons, 673 guns[1][3], 245,300 men[4]
Casualties
22,922 killed, wounded or missing[5]	19,112 killed, wounded or missing[1]

The Battle of Liaoyang (Japanese: 遼陽会戦 Ryōyō kaisen) (August 24 - September 4, 1904) was one of the major land battles of the Russo-Japanese War.

While the Japanese Army settled down in front of Port Arthur for a siege, a large force under Field Marshal Oyama moved north to secure the strategically-located rail junction of Liaoyang, on the Mukden–Port Arthur spur of the China Far East Railway, in Manchuria.

The battle began on 25 August 1904, with the 158,000 strong Russian armies, attempting to turn the flanks of the Japanese First, Second and Third Armies totaling 125,000 men.

On 26 August 1904, Japanese First Army took Kosarei Peak and Hung-sha Pass southeast of Liaoyang city after a hard-fought action. General Alexei Kuropatkin, commander-in-chief of the Russian armies, believed that he had been beaten and withdrew from the outer Russian defense line, with the Japanese in pursuit.

From 29-30 August 1904, the Russian troops managed to repel intense Japanese assaults on the main defense lines south of Liaoyang. By 31 August 1904, the Japanese First Army was crossing the river northeast of Liaoyang,

On 4 September 1904, after a few days of ineffectual counterattacks, Kuropatkin decided to evacuate Liaoyang for Mukden in the early morning. The unfortunate city was then sacked in succession by Russian, Chinese, and Japanese forces.

The Russian armies suffered about 17,900 casualties, the majority of which were captured or missing. However, despite the greater Japanese casualties (23,615 killed, wounded or captured), the Japanese were able to claim victory since the Russians quit the battlefield.

The dearly-won Japanese victory at Liaoyang and the fall of Port Arthur shortly thereafter contributed to the major Russian defeat the next year at the Battle of Mukden, which in turn helped start the Revolution of 1905.

• Kowner, Rotem (2006). "Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War". Scarecrow. ISBN 0-8108-4927-5