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Battle of Pyongyang
Part of the First Sino-Japanese War
Ukiyoe by Mizuno To depicting the Battle of Pyongyang
Date 15 September 1894 Location Pyongyang, Korea Result Japanese victory
Combatants
Meiji Japan	Qing China
Commanders
Nozu Michitsura, Katsura Taro	Ye Zhichao
Strength
10,000	13,000 – 15,000
Casualties
102 (killed), 433 (wounded), 33 (missing)	2,000 (killed); 4,000 (wounded)

The Battle of Pyongyang (Japanese: 平壌作戦) was the second major land battle of the First Sino-Japanese War. It took place on 15 September 1894 in Pyongyang, Korea between the forces of Meiji Japan and Qing China. It is sometimes referred to archaically in western sources as the “Battle of Ping-yang”. Between 13,000 and 15,000 Chinese troops of the Beiyang Army had arrived in Pyongyang on 4 August 1894, and had made extensive repairs to its ancient city walls, feeling itself secure in its superior numbers and in the strength of the defenses.

The 10,000 troops (not confirmed) of the Imperial Japanese Army's 1st Army Corp, under the overall command of Marshal Yamagata Aritomo consisted of the 5th Provincial Division (Hiroshima) under Lieutenant General Nozu Michitsura, and the 3rd Provincial Division (Nagoya) under Lieutenant General Katsura Taro. Japanese forces had landed at Chemulpo (modern Inchon, Korea) on 12 June 1894 without opposition. After a brief sortie south for the Battle of Seonghwan on 29 July 1894, the First Army marched north towards Pyongyang, rendezvousing with reinforcements　which had landed via the ports of Busan and Wonsan.

The Japanese Army First Army converged on Pyongyang from several directions on 15 September 1894, and in the morning made a direct attack on the north and southeast corners of the walled city under very little cover. The Chinese defense was strong, but was outmaneuvered by an unexpected flanking attack by the Japanese from the rear. Although the Chinese suffered very minor losses compared to the Japanese, the corrupted chief Chinese general lost the courage and decided to escape, but occupation of the city by the Japanese was delayed due to a heavy rainfall. Taking advantage of the delay and the fall of darkness, the survivors of the Chinese garrison escaped the city for the coast and the border town of Wiju (modern village of Uiju, North Korea) on the lower reaches of the Yalu River) by 2000 hours.

Chinese casualties are estimated at 2000 killed around 4000 wounded, mostly during the escape. The Japanese lost 102 men killed, 433 wounded and 33 missing(By archive from Japan).

The occupation on Pyongyang by Japanese forces was complete by the morning of 16 September 1894.

After the Battle of Pyongyang, command of Japanese First Army was turned over from Marshal Yamagata to General Nozu for reasons of health. Nozu's former command of the 5th division was assumed by Lieutenant General Yasukata Oku. After the Battle of Pyongyang, the Japanese advanced north to the Yalu River without opposition. The Chinese had decided (as did the Russian ten years later in the Russo-Japanese War) to abandon northern Korea and defend from the northern bank of the Yalu River.

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