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Benedykt Ivanovich Dybowski (May 12, 1833-January 31, 1930) was a Polish naturalist and physician.

Benedykt Ivanovich Dybowski was born in Adamaryni of Novogrudski district of the Grodnenska region (former Minsk province).

He studied at Minsk high school, and later medicine at Tartuski (earlier Deptski) University (Estonia). He later studied in Breslau University and went on expeditions to seek and study the oceanic fishes and crustaceans. He became a professor of Zoology of the Warsaw main school.

In 1863 he was arrested and condemned to death for taking part in Polish revolts. His sentence was later reduced to 12 years in Siberia.

He started studying the natural history of Siberia and in 1866 a governor Muraviov dismissed Dybowski from the hard labour, renewed his civil rights and proposed him to work as a doctor in hospital.

He later settled in a small village Kultuk and began detailed studying of Baikal Lake with some technical support of Russian Geographical Society.

In 1927 the Academy of Sciences in the USSR elected B. Dybowski as a member-correspondent. Apart from that in 1921 Dybowski was given an honorary doctorate by the Warsaw's University, and in 1923 by the Vilnius University. On 95th Dybowski's birthday he was congratulated by Shevchenko Scientific Society government.

On 1st January, 1930 B. Dybowski died at the age 97 years. He is buried in Lviv on the Lychakivs cemetery among the participants of the Polish rebellion of 1863.

An amphipod (Gammaracanthuskytodermogammarus loricatobaicalensis) named by Dybowski is claimed to have the longest scientific name in existence. However, the name is now invalid.

• Curiosities of Biological Nomenclature: Wordplay
• Biography

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