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Bengali literature

Bengali literature By category Bengali language

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Like the Bengali language, Bengali poetry traces its lineage to Pāli and other Prakrit socio-cultural traditions. An antagonism to Vedic rituals and laws heightened to a culmination in the Buddhist and Jainist movements. However, modern Bengali owes as much to Sanskrit. Like the society that thrived to populate the modern Bengal, Bengali language and culture appears to be a perfect amalgam of almost unanalysable elements.

Contents 1 Early Poetry (Inception at the Turn of the Millennium) 1.1 Mystic Poem 1.2 Epic in Vernacular 1.3 Medieval Period (Bhakti Movement / Vaishnava Padabali / Shakta Padabali) 2 Birth of Modern Poetry 2.1 Kallol - Kavita - Parichay : Age of Modern Poetry 2.2 Post World War II Poets 2.3 Poets of Islamic Ideals 2.3.1 Language Movement 2.3.2 Age of Confusion 2.3.3 Krittibas Movement 2.3.4 Hungry Generation 3 Bangladeshi Poets after '47 4 Sixties: Movement in Bangladesh 5 Sixties:Youthful Dreams in West Bengal 6 New Voices in West Bengal 7 New Voices in Bangladesh 7.1 Seventies: Post Liberation War 7.2 Poets of Eighties 7.3 Eighties & Nineties: Little Magazine Movement 8 Next-Generation of West Bengal 8.1 Nineties : Frustrated Youth 9 See also

The history of Bengali poetry is usually divided into three major successive stages of development: Poetry of the early age such as Charyapad, Mediaval period and the age of modern poetry.

Poetry of the oldest period, probably beginning from 10th century, is known for the mystic poems called [[Charyagiti]] or Charyapad, discovered from Nepal by Mahamahopadhyay Haraprasad Shastri.

• Krittibas Ojha
• Kashiram Das

The period between 1350 and 1800, was the medieval period of Bengali poetry – known as the period of Jayadeva (12th century), the renowned court poet of Lakshmanasena, Vidyapati (13th century) with his love lyrics, and Badu Chandidas, the author of Sri Krishna Kirtan, the most important philosophical work of the period. The period from 1500 A. D. to 1800 A.D. was known as the Late Middle Bengali period. During this period, there was a marked influence of Chaitanya and it was this influence that led to the development of Vaishnava literature. Chandidas(13th century) is one of the greatest poet of this time. Outside Vaishnava poetry, the most significant work of the sixteenth century was Chandimangal by Mukunda Chakravarti. Also, early in the fifteenth century Bengal got two of its best-known Muslim poets of Arrakan Daulat Kazi and Alaol(1607-1680).

Bharat CHandra probably marks the transition period of pre-colonial theocentric poetry and modern poetry. After Bharat Chandra there is a long list of poets notable Iswar Gupta before Michael Madhusadan Dutta(1834-1873) who is the founder of modern age of Bengali literature. Another great poet of this period is Biharilal Chakravarti’s (1834-94). Then Rabindranath Tagore(1861_1941), Kazi Nazrul Islam, and many others begin the age of modern bengali poetry.

The modern age begins with a group of writers who wrote for Kallol, a modernist movement magazine founded in 1923. The most popular among the group were Kazi Nazrul Islam(1898 - 1976) and Mohitlal Majumder(1888-1952), Achintya Kumar Sengupta, Premendra Mitra(1904 - 1988) and others. Then Bengali poetry got into the brightest light of modernism in 1930s through the movement of few other little magazines such as Buddhadeb Bosu's Kabita and Sudhindranath Datta's Parichay. The great poets of those movements— Jibanananda Das(1899 - 1954), Buddhadev Bose(1908 - 1974), Sudhindranath Datta(1901 - 1960), Bishnu Dey(1909 - 1982), Amiya Chakravarty(1901 - 1986) and Samar Sen(1916 - 1987) were the main characters who made a significant effort to reshape Bengali Poetry.

Dinesh Das(1913 - 1985), Sukanto Bhattacharya(1926 - 1947), Arun Mitra(1909-2000), Nirendranath Chakravarti, Subhas Mukhopadhyaya

Sayid Ismail Hossain Shiraji , Golam Mostofa(1897-1964), Farruk Ahmed, Talim Hossain, Abdul Kadir(1944-2002)

Alokeranjan Dasgupta, Shankho Ghosh

The modernist movement of modernizing Bengali literature was brought one step further during the 50s, especially with the emergence of the Krittivas magazine. Major poets of this period are Samal Sen, Manindra Ray, Mangala Charan Chattopadhyay, Kiran Sankar Sengupta, Ram Basu, Nirendranath Chakravarty, Birendra Chattopadhyay(1920 - 1985), Sunil Gangopadhyay, Dipak Majumdar, Tarapada Roy, Kiran Sankar Sengupta

The Movement called Hungry Generation was initially spearheaded by Malay Roy Choudhury, Samir Roychoudhury (his elder brother), Shakti Chattopadhyay(1933 - 1995),, and Haradhon Dhara (alias Debi Roy). Thirty more poets and artists subsequently joined them, the best-known being Binoy Majumdar(1934 - 2006), Utpal Kumar Basu, Falguni Ray, Subimal Basak, Tridib Mitra, Shambhu Rakshit, and Anil Karanjai.

Sayed Ali Ahsan, Ahsan Habib, Jasimuddin, Hasan Hafizur Rahman, Abul Hossen, Sufia Kamal, Abu Zafar Obaidullah

The Language Movement in '52 and the pre-'71 movement for Bangladesh vividly influenced a large group of poets of 50's & 60's who identified the new wave of Bengali poems that later on lead the Bangladeshi poetry for the decades. Among them most important are: Shamsur Rahman(1929 – 2006) , Shahid Kadri, Al Mahmud, Fazal Shahabuddin, Syed Shamsul Hoque, Sikder Aminul Hoque, Humayun Azad(1947-2004), Rafiq Azad, Nirmalendu Goon, Belal Choudhury, Mohammad Rafiq.

Arunesh Ghosh, Manibhushan Bhattacharya, Bhaskar Chakrabarty, Debarati Mitra

Seventies: poems of dreams and protests

Mridul Dasgupta, Tushar Roy, Falguni Ray, Tushar Choudhury, Ananya Roy, Ranajit Das, Krishna Basu, Shyamalkanti Das, Joy Goswami, Subodh Sarkar, Bitashoke Bhattacharya, Gautam Basu

Eighties: Responsible Dreams Mallika Sengupta, Jahar Sen Mazumdar, Sanjukta Bandopadhyay, Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay, Rahul Purakayastha, Sanjam Pal, Chaitali Chattopadhyay, Joydeb Basu

In the seventies, a group of young writers came to the scene. They were the products of the liberation war that includes the poets like Uttam Kumar Barua, Abul Hasan, Suraiya Khanum, Muhammad Nurul Huda, Abid Azad, Shihab Sarkar, Asim Saha, Abdul Mannan Syed, Mahadev Saha, Farhad Mazhar, Humayun Kabir, Helal Hafiz, Sabdar Siddiqi, Daud Haider

A turning point came in the eighties when a number of poets started writing in a new vein such as Masudur Rahman Mamun, Rudro Md. Shahidullah, Taslima Nasrin, Ferdous Nahar, Rezauddin Stalin, Suhita Sultana and many others.

The mideighties saw the emergence of a cluster of little magazines, most of which concentrated on publishing the 'new' poetry. Among these, Ekobingsho, Gandeeb, Sangbed, Anindya etc. took the leading role. Then it was followed in nineties by publishing Nodi, Proshun, Pencha, Kichuddhoni, Damodor, Pranto, Chalchitro, Ghonta, Droshtobyo etc. Some notable poets of these little magazine groups are Khondoker Ashraf Hossain, Asim Kumar Das, Farid Kabir, Altaf Hossain, Subrata Augustin Gomez, Sajjad Sharif, Bishnu Bishwash, Sayed Tariq, Sarkar Masud, Shantonu Chowdhury, Shoyeb Shadab, Rifat Chowdhury, Kajal Shahnewaz, Jewel Mazhar, Masud Khan, Bratya Raisu, Adittya Kabir, Shamim Kabir, Sumon Rahman, Shibli Muktadir, Bayezid Mahbub, Ashique Mostafa, Zahir Hassan, Mujib Iram, Ebadur Rahman, Kamruzzaman Kamu

Samyabrata joardar, Mandakranta Sen, Srijato, Aveek Bandyopadhyay, Aniket Patra, Dipankar Bagchi, Sarbajit Sarkar, Sudip Basu, Binayak Bandyopadhyaya, Sibasis Mukhopadhyaya, Rana Roychwodhury, Pinaki Thakur, Sumana Shyanal, Suman Sen Sarma, Kritisindhu Pal

• List of national poetries

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Dipankar Mazumdar