Biomass to liquid

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Biomass to liquid (BTL) is a (multi step) process to produce liquid fuels from biomass:

The process uses the whole plant to improve the CO₂ balance and increase yield.

The Fischer Tropsch process is used to produce synfuels from gasified biomass. While biodiesel and bio-ethanol production so far only use parts of a plant, i.e. oil, sugar or starch, BTL production uses the whole plant which is gasified by gasification. The result is that for BTL, less land area is required per unit of energy produced compared with biodiesel or bio-ethanol.
Hydrogenation of plant oils (fatty acid esters) into alkanes, to produce diesel, first commercialized by Neste Oil as NExBTL.
Flash Pyrolysis - producing sour oil, charcoals and gas at 450°C (also called anhydrous pyrolysis).
Catalytic depolymerization - using heat and catalysts to separate usable diesel fuel from hydrocarbon wastes

See also: Gas to liquid gasification

Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels

"Synthetic Diesel May Play a Significant Role as Renewable Fuel in Germany" at USDA FAS website
Enzymatic Hydrolysis at DOE EERE website
Catalytic Depolymerization site around the process covered in US patent application 020050115871

This chemistry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

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Conversion \| Development and Use \| Sustainable Energy \| Conservation \| Transportation

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