From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Birdseye maple has a distinctive pattern that looks like tiny, swirling eyes disrupting the smooth lines of grain. Birdseye maple isn't a variety or species of maple, but rather a phenomenon that occurs within several kinds of timber due to an unknown cause.

Research into the cultivation of birdseye maple has so far discounted the theories that it is caused by pecking birds deforming the wood grain or that an infecting fungus makes it twist. However, no one has demonstrated a complete understanding of the combination of climate, soil, tree variety, insects, viruses or genetic mutation that reliably produces the effect.

Contents 1 Characteristics 2 Area 3 Uses 4 Sources

Birdseye maple has a medium density and variable color. The outer rings of the tree create lumber that's usually a creamy, light amber color with darker birdseye patterns. The inner rings, called heartwood, might be deep amber or reddish with dark brown birdseye. Depending on the frequency of the birdseye swirls, each ⅛" to ⅜" wide (0.3-1 cm), the wood may be extremely valuable. Woodworkers prize the timber because it "turns" well on a lathe, meaning it can be shaped into decorative canes, chair legs, or handles. After it's finished, birdseye maple doesn't scratch easily.

Birdseye maple is most often found in Acer saccharum (sugar maple), but millers also find the deformation in red maple, white ash, Cuban mahogany, American beech, black walnut, and yellow birch. Trees that grow in the Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States yield the greatest supply, along with some varieties in the Rocky Mountains. Although there are a few clues in a tree's bark that indicate the lumber might have birdseye, it is usually necessary to fell the tree and cut it apart before you know for sure.

Refined specialty products, such as the dashboard of a Rolls Royce, are made of birdseye maple. Since it is such a rare and unusual timber type, it's very expensive, often hundreds of times that of ordinary hardwood. Boxes and bowls for jewelry, thin veneer, humidors, canes, furniture inlays, handles, and guitars are made from the decorative wood.

• Brisson, J., Bergeron, Y., Bouchard, A., & Leduc, A. (1994). "Beech-maple dynamics in an old-growth forest in southern Quebec, Canada". Ecoscience (Sainte-Foy) 1 (1): 40–46. 
• Canham, C. D. (1989). "Different Respones to Gaps Among Shade-Tollerant Tree Species". Ecology 70 (3): 548–550. 
• Duchesne, L., Ouimet, R., & Houle, D. (2002). "Basal Area Growth of Sugar Maple in Relation to Acid Deposition, Stand Health, and Soil Nutrients". Journal of Environmental Quality (31): 1676–1683. 
• Horton, J. L., & Hart, S.C. (1998). "Hydraulic lift: a potentially important ecosystem process". Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13 (6): 232–235.