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Borneo campaign (1945)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Borneo campaign (1945) |
|---|
| Tarakan – Oboe Six – North Borneo – Balikpapan Order of battle |
| South West Pacific theatre |
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| Philippines 1941–42 – Dutch East Indies 1941–42 – Portuguese Timor – Australia – New Guinea – Philippines 1944–45 – Borneo 1945 |
The Borneo Campaign of 1945 was the last major Allied campaign in the South West Pacific Area, during World War II. In a series of amphibious assaults between May 1 and July 21, the Australian I Corps, under General Leslie Morshead, attacked Japanese forces occupying the island.
They were resisted by Imperial Japanese Navy and Army forces in southern and eastern Borneo, under Vice-Admiral Michiaki Kamada, and in the north west by the Thirty-Seventh Army, led by Lieutenant-General Baba Masao.
Although the campaign was criticised in Australia at the time, and in subsequent years, as pointless or a "waste" of the lives of soldiers, it did achieve a number of objectives, such as increasing the isolation of significant Japanese forces occupying the main part of the Dutch East Indies, capturing major oil supplies and freeing Allied prisoners of war, who were being held in increasingly worse conditions (see, for example, the Sandakan Death Marches and Batu Lintang camp articles).
Allied naval and air forces, centred on the U.S. 7th Fleet under Admiral Thomas Kinkaid, the Australian First Tactical Air Force and the U.S. Thirteenth Air Force also played important roles in the campaign.
The Allied campaign was planned as a series of operations under the code name "Oboe". It opened with Operation Oboe One, a landing on the small island of Tarakan, off the north east coast on May 1. This was followed on June 1 by Operation Oboe Six: simultaneous assaults on the island of Labuan and the coast of Brunei, in the north west of Borneo. A week later, the Australians followed Oboe Six with attacks on Japanese positions in North Borneo. The attention of the Allies then switched back to the central east coast, with Operation Oboe Two, the last major amphibious assault of World War II, at Balikpapan on July 1.
- 1945-05-01 – 1945-05-25 Battle of Tarakan (Operation Oboe Two)
- 1945-06-01 – 1945-06-22 Operation Oboe Six (Labuan and Brunei)
- 1945-06-17 – 1945-08-15 Battle of North Borneo
- 1945-07-01 – 1945-07-21 Battle of Balikpapan (Operation Oboe One)
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