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C-terminal end
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The C-terminal end (also known as the C-terminus, C-terminal domain or carboxyl-terminus) of a protein or polypeptide is the extremity of the amino acid chain terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH).
Each amino acid has a carboxyl group and an amine group, and amino acids link to one another to form a chain by a dehydration reaction by joining the amine group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the next. Thus polypeptide chains have an end with an unbound carboxyl group, the C-terminus, and an end with an amine group, the N-terminus. Proteins are synthesized starting from the N-terminus and ending at the C-terminus. Thus, the convention for writing peptide sequences is to put the C-terminal end on the right.
In molecular biology other proteins often bind the C-terminal end of RNAP in order to activate polymerase activity.
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The carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II is that portion of the polymerase which is involved in the initiation of DNA transcription. The CTD typically consists of up to 52 repeats of the sequence Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser [1].
Major studies have been carried out in which knockout of particular amino acids was achieved in the CTD. The results indicate that RNA polymerase II CTD truncation mutations affect the ability to induce transcription of a subset of genes in vivo, and the lack of response to induction maps to the upstream activating sequences of these genes.
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