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Canada Colony of New France 1534 – 1763 → Flag Map of New France around 1750. Capital Quebec History  - Established 1534  - Ceded to Britain 10 February, 1763 Political Subdivisions Quebec City Montreal Trois-Rivières

Canada was the name of the French colony that once stretched along the St. Lawrence River; the other colonies of New France were Acadia, Louisiana and Newfoundland. Canada, the most developed colony of New France, was divided in three districts named Québec, Trois-Rivières, and Montréal. Each district had its own government. The governor of Québec was also the governor general of Canada and all of New France.

Because the capital of Canada (Quebec City) was also the capital of New France, and because of the level of development of Canada compared to the other colonies, the terms "Canada" and "New France" were often used interchangeably. After the Treaty of Paris of 1763, when France ceded Canada to Great Britain, the colony was renamed the Province of Quebec.

In 1740, a survey of the population of the St. Lawrence River valley counted about 44,000 colonists, the majority born in Canada. Of those, 18,000 lived under the government of Québec, 4,000 under the government of Trois-Rivières and 22,000 under the government of Montréal. The population was mostly rural, cities having populations of 4600 for Québec, 378 for Trois-Rivières and 4200 for Montréal.

Dependent upon Canada were the Pays d'en Haut (upper countries), a vast territory north and west of Montreal, covering the whole of the Great Lakes and stretching as far into the North American continent as the French had explored. North of the Great Lakes, a mission, Sainte-Marie among the Hurons, was established in 1639. Following the destruction of the Huron homeland in 1649, the French destroyed the mission themselves and left the area. In what are today Ontario and the western prairies, various trading posts and forts were built such as Fort Kaministiquia (1679), Fort Frontenac (1673), Fort St. Pierre (1731), Fort St. Charles (1732) and Fort Rouillé (1750).

The only French settlements in the Pays d'en Haut were located south of the Great Lakes, around the Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit (1701), Fort Michilimackinac (1715), Fort de Chartres (1720) and Fort Ticonderoga (1755). That part of the Pays d'en Haut, named the Pays des Illinois (Illinois countries), was eventually annexed to Louisiana around 1717.

Today, the Les Pays-d'en-Haut is a regional county municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec.

In ways such as law, customs and the cultural aspects of the population, the modern successor of Canada is the province of Quebec, which can create confusion with the current Canadian federation of the same name, or the historical Province of Canada. Also, distinction from english Canada has been historically important for Quebecers, notably since the advent of contemporary Quebec nationalism in the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s. For these reason, nowadays, Quebecers often use the term "New France" when referring to Canada, New France.

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• Name of Canada
• Quebec
• New France
• Timeline of Quebec history
• History of Quebec
• History of New France
• Monarchs of Canadian territories

v • d • e Topics on New France
Subdivisions	Acadia (1604–1713) • Canada (1608–1763) • Louisiana (1699–1763, 1800–1803) • Newfoundland (1662–1713) • Île Royale (1713–1763)
Towns	Acadia (Port Royal) • Canada (Quebec, Trois-Rivières, Montreal, Détroit) • Île Royale (Louisbourg) • Louisiana (Mobile, New Orleans) • Newfoundland (Plaisance) • List of towns
Forts	Fort Rouillé • Fort Michilimackinac • Fort de Chartres • Fort Detroit • Fort Carillon • Fort Duquesne • List of Forts
Government	Canada (Governor General of New France, Intendant of New France, Sovereign Council of New France, Bishop of Quebec, Governor of Trois-Rivières, Governor of Montreal) • Acadia (Governor of Acadia) • Newfoundland (Governor of Plaisance) • Louisiana (Governor of Louisiana, Intendant of Louisiana, Superior Council of Louisiana) • Île Royale (Governor of Île Royale)
Justice	Intendancy • Superior Council • Admiralty court • Provostship • Officiality • Seigneurial court • Attorney • Bailiff • Maréchaussée • Code Noir
Economy	Seigneurial system • 1666 census • Fur trade • Company of 100 Associates • Crozat's Company • Mississippi Company • Compagnie de l'Occident
Society	Habitants • King's Daughters • Coureur des bois • Métis • Amerindians
War & Peace	Intercolonial Wars • French and Iroquois Wars • Great Upheaval • Great Peace of Montreal • Schenectady massacre • Deerfield massacre
Related	French colonization of the Americas • French colonial empire • History of Quebec • History of the Acadians • History of Louisiana • French West Indies • Carib Expulsion • African slave trade

v • d • e Former Colonies and Territories in Canada
Viking:	Helluland • Markland • Vinland
Portuguese:	Labrador • Newfoundland • Nova Scotia
French:	New France  (Acadia • Canada • Terre Neuve)
Scottish	Nova Scotia • Cape Breton
English and British:	Newfoundland • Rupert's Land • Nova Scotia • Quebec • Lower and Upper Canada • New Brunswick • Prince Edward Island • Cape Breton • United Canada • British Columbia • Vancouver Island • United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia • North-Western Territory • Stikine Territory