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The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC), previously known as the "Atomic Energy Control Board" (AECB), is best described as the governmental nuclear energy and materials watchdog in Canada.

In addition to nuclear power plants and nuclear research facilities, the CNSC regulates numerous other uses of nuclear material. Some examples include radioisotopes used in the treatment of cancer, the operation of uranium mines and refineries, and the use of radioactive sources for oil exploration and in instruments such as precipitation measurement devices.

The regulatory system is designed to protect people and the environment from human-made radiation resulting from the use of nuclear energy and materials at licensed sites. This is accomplished through a licensing process that requires the licensee to prove that their operations are safe. At the basis of the regulatory system is the principle that no technology is fail proof, so licensees must incorporate multiple layers of protection whenever radioactive materials are used. The CNSC also licenses the import, export and transportation of nuclear materials and other prescribed substances, equipment, technology and dual-use items.

CNSC staff play an important role in protecting health, safety, security and the environment by monitoring and inspecting licensed activities. As part of that role, CNSC staff evaluates the performance of nuclear power plants. Staff also contributes to the development of international nuclear safety standards and nuclear non-proliferation fora.

Nuclear safety and security have always been a CNSC priority and became even more significant following the events of September 11, 2001.

The CNSC is an independent agency of the Government of Canada and operates in a transparent manner. Its operations are open to formal public scrutiny.

The CNSC reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Natural Resources.

The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC)