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Carleton County is the name of an historic county in Ontario, Canada. In 1969, it was superseded by the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton. In 2001 the Regional Municipality was amalgamated into the current City of Ottawa.

Carleton County was created in 1800 from portions of Dundas and Grenville counties. It was named after Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester. Early Carleton County included a vague area of Eastern Ontario that included most of what is now Lanark County plus the area of what is now Ottawa west of the Rideau River. Originally part of Johnstown District for administrative purposes, it became part of Bathurst District, with judicial seat at Perth in 1823. In 1838, a separate Dalhousie District, with judicial seat at Bytown, was created with the same boundaries as Carleton County had in 1969 when it was abolished. In 1850, the Districts in Ontario were re-distributed into Counties by the Municipal Corporations Act and the administrative district of Dalhousie was replaced by Carleton County.

Also in 1850, all of the townships of Carleton County were incorporated. (see list below) Bytown is incorporated as a town, and Richmond becomes a village. In 1855 Bytown is renamed Ottawa and becomes a city. In 1867 New Edinburgh is incorporated as a village, and is annexed 20 years later by Ottawa. In 1888 Ottawa East is incorporated as a village and would later be annexed by Ottawa. In 1893 Hintonburg is incorporated as a village. It would be annexed 14 years later by Ottawa. In 1898 Metcalfe is incorporated as a police village. In 1903 Manotick is incorporated as a police village. Rideauview, Westboro and North Gower are incorporated as police villages in 1905. Rideauview is annexed by Ottawa two years later and Westboro is annexed in 1949. In 1908 Rockcliffe Park is incorporated as a police village while Janeville is incorporated as a village. Janeville would be incorporated as a town in 1913 as the Town of Eastview while Rockliffe Park becomes a full village in 1925. In 1910, Kenmore and Osgoode Station are incorporated as police villages. Ottawa West is incorporated as a police village in 1912 and would be annexed by Ottawa in 1949. In 1922, Overbrook and St. Joseph d'Orleans were incorporated in 1922 as police villages. In 1950 Overbrook is annexed by Ottawa. In 1939 Hampton Park is incorporated as a police village. It would be annexed by Ottawa ten years later. In 1955, City View is incorporated as a police village. In 1956, Stittsville is incorporated as a police village. Five years later Stittsville becomes a full village.

In 1963 Eastview (now Vanier) becomes a city.

Carleton County and today's city of Ottawa have the same borders, except that when Ottawa-Carleton came into existence it added the Township of Cumberland from Russell County.

Carleton County consisted of the following townships:

• Fitzroy (Galetta, Mohr Corners, Fitzroy Harbour, Kinburn, Antrim, Marathon, Panmure), Area, 60,518 acres. Surveyed in 1821 by Col. Sherwood and opened in 1823. It was named in honour of Sir Charles Augustus Fitzroy, soldier and Governor of New South Wales, who married Lady Mary Lennox, daughter of the Duke of Richmond.
• Gloucester (South Gloucester, Blackburn Hamlet, Orleans), Area, 84,267 acres, on the east side of the Rideau River. The township was opened in 1798 and named from Prince William Frederick, second Duke of Gloucester.
• Goulbourn (Stittsville, Munster, Richmond), Area 65,447 acres. Settled in 1818 by veterans of the 99th and 100th Regiments of the line disbanded at Quebec who established headquarter at Richmond. Township was named after the Governor General, the Duke of Richmond.
• Huntley (Huntley, Carp, Corkery, Powell), Area 62,616 acres. Opened in 1823 and named from Huntley Castle, one of the seat of the Duke of Richmond in Scotland.
• March (Dunrobin, Marchhurst, South March), Area 26,157 acres. On the shore of the Upper Ottawa River. Opened in1823 and named in honour of the Duke of Richmond, whose second title was Earl of March.
• Marlborough (Malakoff, Bridgeview and Dwyer Hill) Area, 56,817. Opened in 1798 as part of Grenville County.
• Nepean (Ottawa, Jockvale, Fallowfield, Bell's Corners). Area, 55,496 acres. First settled in 1810 by Ira Honeywell, son of Rice Honeywell of Prescott. Township was opened in 1798 and named in honour of an Under Secretary in the Colonial Department.
• North Gower (North Gower, Kars, Manotick)
• Osgoode (Osgoode, Metcalfe), Area 91,342 acres. Opened in 1798 and named after William Osgoode, the first Chief Justice of Upper Canada. First settled in 1826.
• Torbolton (Torbolton, Dunrobin, Dirleton, Kilmaurs, Woodlawn), Area 25,812 acres. A triangular township north of March along the Upper Ottawa. Opened in 1823. Torbolton was one of the titles of the Duke of Richmond.

Source: Province of Ontario -- A History 1615 to 1927 by Jesse Edgar Middletwon & Fred Landon, copywrite 1927, Dominion Publishing Company, Toronto

• 1951 map of Carleton County