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Carshalton
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Carshalton is a suburb of London, part of the London Borough of Sutton, located 10 miles (16.1 km) south south-west of Charing Cross. It is situated in the valley of the river Wandle, one of the sources of which is Carshalton Ponds in the centre of the village.[1] Although it is within Greater London boundaries, addresses in the area often still include Carshalton's former postal county of Surrey. The combined population of the five wards comprising Carshalton was 45,525 at the 2001 census.[2] It is in the UK Parliamentary constituency of Carshalton and Wallington.
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To the south of the area now known as Carshalton, remains of artifacts dating from the Neolithic to the Iron Age have been found, suggesting that this was an early place of habitation.[3] Prior to the Norman Conquest it is recorded that there were five manors in this location owned by five freemen.[4]
The village lay within the Anglo-Saxon administrative division of Wallington hundred.
Carshalton appears in Domesday Book as Aultone. It was held by Goisfrid (Geoffrey) de Mandeville. Its domesday assets were: 3½ hides; 1 church, 10 ploughs, 1 mill worth £1 15s 0d, 22 acres of meadow, woodland worth 2 hogs. It rendered £15 10s 0d.[5]
Carshalton was known for its springs; these may have given the place its name Cars - Aul - ton. Aul means well or spring. A ton is a farm which was in some way enclosed. The meaning of the Cars element is uncertain but early spellings (Kersaulton and Cresaulton) may indicate connection with a cross or perhaps cress, watercress having been grown locally.
In his book History of the Worthies of England, the 17th century historian Thomas Fuller refers to Carshalton for its walnuts and trout.
Land was primarily put to arable use and the river Wandle gave rise to manufacturing using water power. A water mill to grind corn was mentioned in the Domesday Book. By the end of the 18th century it was recorded that there were several mills for the production of paper and parchment, leather, snuff, log-wood and seed oil. There were also bleaching grounds for calico.[4] [6] During the Victorian era and into the early 20th century, Carshalton was known for its lavender fields [7], but the increasing land demand for residential building put an end to commercial growing.
From 1894 to 1965 Carshalton formed part of the Carshalton Urban District.[8]
Central Carshalton, around the ponds and High Street, retains a village character, although the busy A232 runs through the area. There are a number of attractive buildings and open spaces protected by the Carshalton Village Conservation Area.[9]
Carshalton-on-the-Hill is the residential area on the high ground to the south of Carshalton Park around Boundary Road, Stanley Road and Stanley Park Road and stretching out towards the smallholdings of Little Woodcote.
Carshalton Beeches is the area to the west of Carshalton-on-the-Hill, around Beeches Avenue, Banstead Road and Woodmansterne Road. It grew up around the railway station which was named after Beeches Avenue, the street in which it is located; which, in turn, is named after the beech trees which line it.
The Wrythe, or Wrythe Green, lies between Carshalton village to the south and St Helier to the north-west. Its name is thought to derive from the rye that was once grown in this area, or from the Anglo-Saxon word rithe which means a small stream.[6] During the time of the Roman occupation of the British Isles, a small spring was situated near the green, now shadowed by a BP garage. Roman activity in the area is confirmed by the fact that there was once a Roman Villa built in Beddington, just a couple of miles away, and a number of roads in the vicinity of Roman origin. The spring has since disappeared under ground and the culvert it feeds flows into the Wandle near Hackbridge.
The parish church of All Saints overlooks Carshalton Ponds. A church has stood on this site since at least Norman times and probably much longer. The current church contains 12th century work but has been much extended over the centuries; most dramatically in 1891 when a new nave and north aisle were added.[10]
Just outside the churchyard wall is a spring locally known as "Anne Boleyn's Well". It is popularly said to have received this name because it appeared when Anne Boleyn's horse kicked a stone and a spring of water appeared. Anne was probably riding to or from an assignation with her would-be lover King Henry VIII at the nearby home of Sir Nicholas Carew.
Another possible explanation is that the name is a corruption of "Boulogne". The Counts of Boulogne owned land here in the 12th century and there may have been a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Boulogne near the well.
The water tower was built in the early 18th century primarily to house a water driven pump supplying water to Carshalton House (now St Philomena's School) and its gardens. It was planned as a multi-purpose building, however, and also contains an orangery, a saloon and a bathroom which retains original Delft tiles.
Little Holland House in Carshalton Beeches was the home of the artist Frank Dickinson (1874-1961). Dickinson's Arts and Crafts style interior was influenced by John Ruskin and William Morris. The house contains many of his art works. It is now occasionally open to members of the public.[11]
Honeywood is a large and attractive house at the western end of Carshalton Ponds. At its earliest it dates from the 17th century but has been much extended and restored, particularly in the period 1896 to 1903. It now houses the London Borough of Sutton "Heritage Centre" and has a local history collection, including objects that date back to the Bronze Age.
The late 19th century bakehouse in Oaks Park is all that remains of "The Oaks" mansion which burned down and was demolished in the 1950s. The original bread oven remains in situ. Blocks of burnt bricks from the ruins of the great house were used by local builders to construct garden walls for houses all along Woodmansterne Road, and may still be seen today.
The Orangery in The Square was built in the second half of the 18th century in Carshalton Park (the section of which between here and Ruskin Road has since been built over). Until recently the offices at the Orangery were used by the environment agency. It now houses a solicitors firm and property developers.
In common with the London Borough of Sutton as a whole, Carshalton has many green spaces with three main public parks of note. The present day Carshalton Park is much reduced from its original size but still offers features of historical significance. Grove Park, closest to the village, is the best example of a Victorian park in the Borough. Oaks Park is a large park landscaped in a naturalistic style, providing downland walks.
Carshalton has two railway stations: Carshalton and Carshalton Beeches. From 1847 to the opening of the current Carshalton in 1868 Wallington railway station was named Carshalton. The closest London Underground station is Morden, which is a 12-21 minute journey from Carshalton by 157 bus.[12]
Carshalton has two football clubs: Carshalton Athletic F.C. (home ground at The War Memorial Sports Ground, Colston Avenue) and Carshalton FC (at Beddington Park). At the Westcroft Leisure Centre there are health and fitness facilities including two swimming pools, sports hall, squash court and fitness centre.[13]
Annual events include a fireworks display at Carshalton Park on the first Saturday in November, a summer carnival on the second Saturday of June, a beer festival over the first Bank Holiday weekend in May, and the environmental fair also held in Carshalton Park on the August Bank Holiday Monday.[14]
There are frequent theatrical and musical productions at The Charles Cryer Studio Theatre, which is situated on the High Street.
The Ecology Centre and Honeywood Heritage Centre[15] also hold regular events and meetings.
The Methodist hall in Ruskin Road is home to the Ruskin Players and the Carshalton Choral Society, both of which perform at regular intervals throughout the year.
Carshalton Lavender harvest last weekend in July, held at Stanley Park Allotments, Carshalton-on-the-Hill. [16]
- St. Philomena's School (Catholic Girls' High School)
- Carshalton High School for Girls
- Carshalton Boys Sports College (renamed from Carshalton High School for Boys)
- Stanley Park High School
- Carshalton College
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- See the London Borough of Sutton article for details of education in the whole borough.
- ^ London Biodiversity Partnership - audit of rivers document..
- ^ 2001 Census Data for Carshalton Beeches, Central, South & Clockhouse, North, plus The Wrythe..
- ^ The Victoria History of the County of Surrey: Vol 4, edited by H.E.Malden, published 1912.
- ^ a b "The Environs of London: Vol 1 - County of Surrey" by Daniel Lysons, published 1792.
- ^ Surrey Domesday Book
- ^ a b The Book of Carshalton: At the Source of the Wandle, based on talks by Michael Wilks, published 2002.
- ^ Volume 16, Page 293 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
- ^ A Vision of Britain through Time, University of Portsmouth Department of Geography - unit history of Carshalton, 1801-2001..
- ^ London Borough of Sutton Conservation Areas..
- ^ Carshalton All Saints - History of Church..
- ^ London Borough of Sutton Heritage, Little Holland House..
- ^ 157 Bus timetable..
- ^ L.B. Sutton - Westcroft Leisure Centre..
- ^ Carshalton Environmental Fair.
- ^ Friends of Honeywood Heritage Centre.
- ^ Carshalton Lavender.
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| Districts |
Beddington · Beddington Corner · Belmont · Benhilton · Carshalton · Carshalton Beeches · Carshalton on the Hill · Cheam · Hackbridge · St. Helier · Sutton · The Wrythe · Wallington · Worcester Park |
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| Attractions | ||
| Constituencies | ||
| Parks and open spaces in Sutton | ||