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Celiac ganglia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Nerve: Celiac ganglia | ||
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| The celiac ganglia with the sympathetic plexuses of the abdominal viscera radiating from the ganglia. (Celiac ganglion labeled at center right.) | ||
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| Celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglion in a cat. 1 Crus sinistrum (Diaphragma), 2 hiatus aorticus, 3 Aorta, 4 Arteria lumbalis, 5 Nervus splanchnicus major, 6 Arteria celiaca, 7 Arteria phrenica caudalis, 8 Ganglion celiacum, 9 Plexus celiacus, 10 Ganglion mesentericum craniale, 11 Plexus mesentericus cranialis, 12 Arteria mesenterica cranialis, 13 Nervus splanchnicus minor, 14 Adrenal gland, 15 Arteria abdominalis cranialis, 16 Stomach, 17 Liver (Lobus caudatus), 18 Kidney | ||
| Latin | ganglia coeliaca | |
| Gray's | subject #220 985 | |
| From | thoracic splanchnic nerves | |
| MeSH | Celiac+Ganglia | |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | g_02/12384424 | |
The celiac ganglia (semilunar ganglia) are two large irregularly shaped masses having the appearance of lymph glands and placed one on either side of the middle line in front of the crura of the diaphragm close to the suprarenal glands, that on the right side being placed behind the inferior vena cava.
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The celiac ganglion is part of the sympathetic prevertebral chain possessing a great variety of specific receptors and neurotransmitters such as catecholamines, neuropeptides, and nitric oxide and constitutes a modulation center in the pathway of the afferent and efferent fibers between the central nervous system and the ovary.
The main preganglion neurotransmitter of the celiac ganglion is acetylcholine, yet the celiac ganglion-mesenteric complex also contain α and β adrenergic receptors and is innervated by fibers of adrenergic nature that come from other preaortic ganglia.
The upper part of each ganglion is joined by the greater splanchnic nerve, while the lower part, which is segmented off and named the aorticorenal ganglion, receives the lesser splanchnic nerve and gives off the greater part of the renal plexus.
These ganglion contain neurons whose unmyelinated postganglionic axons innervate the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, small intestine, and the ascending and transverse colon. They directly innervate the ovarian theca and secondary interstitial cells and exert an indirect action on the luteal cells. It is sometimes referred to as the semilunar ganglion or the solar ganglion.
Modifications in the adrenergic activity of the celiac ganglion results in an altered capacity of the ovary of pregnant rats to produce progesterone, suggesting that the celiac ganglion-superior ovarian nerve-ovarian axis provides a direct link between the autonomic nervous system and the physiology of pregnancy.[citation needed] It has also been shown that modifications in the cholinergic input at the celiac ganglion also led, via the superior ovarian nerve, to modifications in ovarian steroidogenesis.[citation needed] Most of the fibers of the superior ovarian nerve come from the postganglionic sympathetic neurons of the celiac ganglion.
 Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system. |
 Abdominal portion of the sympathetic trunk, with the celiac and hypogastric plexuses. |
 Lower half of right sympathetic cord. |
- SUNY Labs 40:10-0101 - "Posterior Abdominal Wall: The Celiac Plexus"
- Celiac+ganglia at eMedicine Dictionary
- Human anatomy at Dartmouth figures/chapter_30/30-5.HTM
- Human anatomy at Dartmouth figures/chapter_32/32-6.HTM
- Physiology at MCG 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.