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The Chicano Movement of the 1960s, also called the Chicano Civil Rights Movement, also known as El Movimiento, it is an extension of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement which began in the 1940s with the stated goal of achieving "social liberation" and Mexican American empowerment.

Socially, the Chicano Movement addressed what it perceived to be negative ethnic stereotype of Mexicans in mass media and the American consciousness. It did so through the creation of works of literary and visual art that validated the Mexican-American ethnicity and culture.

The Chicano Movement also addressed what it perceived to be discrimination in the public school system. For example, In 1968 a group of Mexican American high school students in East Los Angeles protested the treatment that they were given in school by way of walkouts. Besides the East L.A. walkouts, there were other protests such as the Chicano Moratorium.

Main article: Chicano nationalism

After World War II, Chicanos began to assert their own views of the history and status of Mexicans in the United States.

In the late 1960s, when the student movement was active around the globe, the Chicano movement brought about more or less spontaneous actions, such as the mass walkouts by high school students in Denver and East Los Angeles in 1968 and the Chicano Moratorium in Los Angeles in 1970. There were also many incidents of walkouts outside of Los Angeles County. In Covina, California at a high school named Northview students marched to fight for the rights of their people.

Chicano student groups such as Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán (MEChA) in California, and the Mexican American Youth Organization (MAYO) in Texas, developed in universities and colleges in the mid 1960’s. ^[1] Student groups such as these were initially concerned with education issues, but their activities evolved to participation in political campaigns and to various forms of protest against broader issues such as police brutality. ^[2] The Brown Berets, a youth group which began in California, took on a more militant ideology. ^[3]

• Yolanda Broyles-Gonzalez, El Teatro Campesino: Theater in the Chicano Movement (University of Texas Press, 1994).
• Mario T. García, Mexican Americans: Leadership, Ideology, & Identity, 1930-1960 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989).
• Carlos Muñoz, Jr., Youth, Identity, Power: The Chicano Movement (New York: Verso, 1989). ISBN 0-86091-913-7
• Juan Gómez Quiñones, Chicano Politics: Reality & Promise, 1940-1990 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1990). ISBN 0-8263-1213-6
• F. Arturo Rosales, Chicano! The History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement (Houston: Arte Publico Press, 1996). ISBN 1-55885-201-8
• F. Arturo Rosales, Testimonio: A Documentary History of the Mexican-American Struggle for Civil Rights (Houston: Arte Publico Press, 2000).

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