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Chilblain
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (December 2007) |
| ICD-10 | T69.1 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 991.5 |
| DiseasesDB | 31219 |
| eMedicine | derm/322 |
Chilblains, also called perniosis or blain, when occurring on the feet, is a medical condition that is often confused with frostbite and trench foot. Chilblains are acral ulcers that occur when a predisposed individual is exposed to cold and humidity. Causes are idiopathic or manifestations of serious medical conditions that need to be investigated. Chilblains can be prevented by keeping the feet and hands warm in cold weather. Smoking cessation is advised. A consultation with a dermatologist is mandatory.
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- Ulceration of the digits and toes
- Itchy skin inflammation
- Skin redness
- Toe skin inflammation
- Finger skin inflammation
- Earlobe inflammation
With treatment, chilblains usually heal within 3 weeks
- Keep area warm
- Avoid scratching
- Anti-itch creams, such as Calamine lotion
- Zambuk ointment
- Nifedipine may be used in more severe or recurrent cases.[1] Its vasodilation helps reduce pain, facilitate healing and prevent recurrences.[2]
- Self-medication can be provided by urinating on affected area and leaving to absorb for approximately 30 seconds. This should be repeated regularly during cold months.
- Avoid cold exposure
- Wear gloves
- Use warm footwear
- Keep hands and feet warm
- Healthy diet
- Exercise
- High doses of vitamin K
- A skill in the MMO Guild Wars is named Chilblains.
- A main character in Ian McEwan's novel Atonement frequently notes the presence of chilblains on her fellow nurses.
- ^ Rustin M, Newton J, Smith N, Dowd P (1989). "The treatment of chilblains with nifedipine: the results of a pilot study, a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study and a long-term open trial". Br J Dermatol 120 (2): 267-75. PMID 2647123.
- ^ Simon T, Soep J, Hollister J (2005). "Pernio in pediatrics". Pediatrics 116 (3): e472-5. PMID 16140694.
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| General external causes | Foreign body - Burn - Frostbite |
| Other external causes | Radiation poisoning - Hyperthermia - Hypothermia - Immersion foot - Chilblain
Aerosinusitis - Hypoxia - Barotrauma - Altitude sickness - Chronic mountain sickness - Decompression sickness - Asphyxia - Starvation maltreatment (Physical abuse, Sexual abuse, Psychological abuse) Motion sickness (Airsickness, Sea-sickness) Electric shock - Anaphylaxis - Angioedema Hypersensitivity (Allergy, Arthus reaction) |
| Certain early complications of trauma | embolism (Air, Fat) - Crush syndrome/Rhabdomyolysis - Compartment syndrome/Volkmann's contracture |
| Complications of surgical and medical care | Serum sickness - Malignant hyperthermia |