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China's peaceful rise (Chinese: 中国和平崛起; Pinyin: Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ) is the foreign policy doctrine of the People's Republic of China in the early 21st century.

Many of the ideas of the peaceful rise of the PRC come from the new security concept, which was formulated by thinktanks in the PRC in the mid-1990s.

The term itself was first used in a speech given by the former Vice Principal of the Central Party School, Zheng Bijian, in late 2003 during the Boao Forum for Asia [1]. It was then reiterated by PRC premier Wen Jiabao in an ASEAN meeting as well as during his visit to the United States. It appears to be one of the first initiatives by the fourth generation of the leadership of the PRC, headed by Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao. On some occasions, the term China's peaceful development (中国和平发展; Zhōngguó hépíng fāzhǎn) is used instead.

In Zheng's speech he pointed out that in the past, a rise of a new power often resulted in drastic changes to global political structures, and even war (i.e. the hegemonic stability theory in international relations). He believed that this was because these powers "chose the road of aggression and expansion, which will ultimately fail." Zheng stated that in today's new world, the PRC should instead develop peacefully, and in turn help to maintain a peaceful international environment.

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The term is used primarily to reassure the nations of Asia and the United States that the rise of the PRC in military and economic prominence will not pose a threat to peace and stability, and that other nations will benefit from PRC's rising power and influence.

The doctrine emphasizes the importance of soft power and is based in part on the premise that good relations with its neighbors will enhance rather than diminish the comprehensive national power of the PRC. Part of this doctrine is that the PRC will avoid neo-mercantilism and protectionism.

In diplomacy, the doctrine calls for less assertiveness in border disputes such as those concerning the Spratly Islands, Diaoyutai/Senkaku, and the Aksai Chin.

Main article: Sino-American relations

In addition, this doctrine seeks to avoid unnecessary confrontation with the United States.

• China and weapons of mass destruction
• Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China
• Boao Forum for Asia
• Political status of Taiwan
• Shanghai Cooperation Organization
• 2001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Friendship
• China's military spending
• Chinese Century
• The Rise of the Great Powers

• Background Q&A: The Promise and Pitfalls of China's "Peaceful Rise" by the Council on Foreign Relations
• Essay: "The Middle Kingdom: The Reinstatement of a Revisionist Great Power" by Aron Patrick

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