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Claude Brown (February 23, 1937 - February 2, 2002) is the author of Manchild in the Promised Land, published to critical acclaim in 1965, which tells the story of his coming of age during the 1940s and 1950s in Harlem.

Autobiographical in nature, the book describes the cultural, economic, and religious conditions that suffused Harlem during Brown's early childhood and adolescence while constructing a narrative of Brown's tumultuous early life. From age ten, his life involved selling drugs, alcohol consumption, truancy, and gang wars. These were the harsh realities of life in 1950s Harlem that shaped his childhood. At the age of 14, he was placed in a reform school, which he cycled in and out of more than three times.

By that time he had made the acquaintance of Dr. Ernest Papanek, a psychologist and the director of the Wiltwyck School for deprived and emotionally disturbed boys, which was in Ulster County, New York. Dr. Papanek, whom Mr. Brown described in his book as "probably the smartest and the deepest cat I had ever met," encouraged him to seek an education.

Acknowledging the damaging effects of drugs like Heroin and gang violence on his community and his friends, he decided to change and knew he had to get out of Harlem. He moved away from Harlem heart beaten seeing all his friends "Strung-out" by drug addiction. He felt Harlem wasn't for him no more and after being one of the "Hippest cats" (as he says in the book) he decides to turn away from it and move down to the Village. Somewhere he could start over. For the first time in life, he decided to get an education and eventually began attending night classes at a high school downtown, supporting himself by working as a busboy, deliveryman and at other odd jobs. Eventually, he went on to graduate from Howard University in 1965.

Brown would go on to publish a second book, Children Of Ham, which explores the lives of several black teenagers from Harlem who escape the clutches of heroin. By comparison to his first work it was a failure.

Brown spent most of his professional life as a full-time lecturer, but also became increasingly involved in critical urban issues, especially with respect to at-risk black adolescents. This lifetime concern led him to become deeply involved in criminal justice and rehabilitation issues, as he visited juvenile detention centers and prisons in search of answers to the question of what was motivating the much more violent, feral behavior of youth gangs and underage criminals prowling America's inner-cities, a plague that seemingly became progressively worse with the passage of time. His ultimate conclusion was that American society had abandoned these young individuals, causing a profound sense of alienation and ostracism, which in turn led to futile outbursts of excessive, wanton violence and criminality.He remained critical of what he perceived as the societal failures of addressing these existential crises afflicting African-American youth-especially those residing in urban areas-and more broadly, underserved, alienated American youth in general.

Claude Brown died of respiratory failure in 2002.

• African American literature

• Obituary for Claude Brown
• Claude Brown: Profile by Justice Policy Institute
• Poverty's Children, Essay by Clarence Page
• Claude Brown-Tribute