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A co-cathedral is a cathedral church which shares the honor of being a bishop's seat, or cathedra, with another cathedral. Instances of this occurred in England before the Protestant Reformation in the dioceses of Bath and Wells, and of Coventry and Lichfield, hence the names of these dioceses. In France the bishop of Couserans (a see suppressed at the Revolution) had two co-cathedral churches at St Lizier, and the bishop of Sisteron (a see also suppressed) had a second throne in the church of Forcalquier which is still called La Con-cathédrale.

In the United States, the Roman Catholic diocese that encompasses most of the state of West Virginia is known as the Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston after its two cathedral cities. The Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis in Minnesota has the Cathedral of Saint Paul and the Basilica of Saint Mary as its co-cathedrals. Other instances include the Diocese of Galveston-Houston in Texas, the Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend in Indiana, and the Diocese of Pensacola-Tallahassee in Florida. Each of these dioceses has a co-cathedral in each of its see cities. In the Episcopal Church, both the Diocese of Iowa and the Diocese of Minnesota have two cathedrals in different cities; however, they are not styled "co-cathedrals".

There are three instances in the United States in which a cathedral and its co-cathedral is in the same city.

• The Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace and the Co-Cathedral of Saint Theresa of the Child Jesus share this relationship, both within walking distance of each other in Honolulu, Hawaii. In the Diocese of Honolulu, the two churches are not hierarchically equal. The Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace has primacy over the Co-Cathedral of Saint Theresa of the Child Jesus.
• The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception and St Joseph's Co-Cathedral also share this relationship in the Diocese of Burlington, Vermont.
• In the same way, the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Cathedral of Mary Our Queen are both in the same city, serving the Archdiocese of Baltimore.

In the case of York the collegiate churches of Beverley, Ripon and Southwell were almost in the same position, but although the archbishop had a stall in each he had no diocesan cathedra in them, and the chapters were not united with that of the metropolitan church in the direct government of the diocese, or the election of the archbishop, nor had they those other rights which were held to denote the cathedral character of a church.

• List of the Roman Catholic cathedrals of the United States