Sources
open directory project
Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web.
Submit a site - Become an editor
Wikipedia. Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Are you an expert in this subject? Join the discussion and share your knowledge at Wikipedia.org.
Coenzyme A
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Coenzyme-A)
| Coenzyme A | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 |
|
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| MeSH | |
| SMILES | CC(C)(COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OCC1C (C(C(O1)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)O) OP(=O)(O)O)C(C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS)O |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C21H36N7O16P3S |
| Molar mass | 767.535 |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
|
Coenzyme A (CoA, CoASH, or HSCoA) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. It is adapted from cysteamine, pantothenate, and adenosine triphosphate.
Contents |
Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process from pantothenate:
- Pantothenate is phosphorylated to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme pantothenate kinase
- A cysteine is added to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase to form 4'-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine (PPC)
- PPC is decarboxylated to 4'-phosphopantetheine by phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase
- 4'-phosphopantetheine is adenylylated to form dephospho-CoA by the enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyl transerase
- Finally, dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated using ATP to coenzyme A by the enzyme dephosphocoenzyme A kinase.
Since coenzyme A is chemically a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. It assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an acetyl group is also referred to as acetyl-CoA. When it is not attached to an acyl group it is usually referred to as 'CoASH' or 'HSCoA'.
- Acetyl-CoA
- Propionyl-CoA
- Acetoacetyl-CoA
- Coumaroyl-CoA (used in flavonoid and stilbenoid biosynthesis)
- Acyl derived from dicarboxylic acids
- Malonyl-CoA
- Succinyl-CoA
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (used in isoprenoid biosynthesis)
- Pimelyl-CoA (used in biotin biosynthesis)
 Coenzyme A |
- Karl Miller (1998). Beta Oxidation of Fatty Acids. Retrieved May 18, 2005.
- Charles Ophard (2003). Acetyl-CoA Crossroads. Retrieved May 18, 2005.
- Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry, 4th edition, David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox
- http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/621fattyacidrx.html
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
| Major families of biochemicals | ||
| Peptides | Amino acids | Nucleic acids | Carbohydrates | Nucleotide sugars | Lipids | Terpenes | Carotenoids | Tetrapyrroles | Enzyme cofactors | Steroids | Flavonoids | Alkaloids | Polyketides | Glycosides | ||
| Analogues of nucleic acids: | Types of enzyme cofactors | Analogues of nucleic acids: |
| Coenzymes | NAD+ | NADP+ | Coenzyme A | Tetrahydrofolic acid | Menaquinone | Ascorbic acid | Coenzyme F420 | Adenosine triphosphate | S-Adenosyl methionine | 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate | Coenzyme Q | Tetrahydrobiopterin | Cytidine triphosphate | Glutathione | Coenzyme M | Coenzyme B | Methanofuran | Tetrahydromethanopterin | |
|---|---|---|
| Prosthetic groups | ||
| Organic groups: | Flavin mononucleotide | Flavin adenine dinucleotide | Pyrroloquinoline quinone | Pyridoxal phosphate | Biotin | Methylcobalamin | Cobamamide | Thiamine pyrophosphate | Heme | Molybdopterin | Lipoic acid | |
| Metals: | Calcium | Copper | Iron | Magnesium | Manganese | Nickel | Zinc | |
 |
This metabolism related compound article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |