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Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Established	First discipline created 1880
School type	Private
Dean	Henry C. Pinkham
Location	New York, New York, USA
Enrollment	~6,000 students
Homepage	www.columbia.edu/gsas

The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences at Columbia University (also known as GSAS) is the branch of the university that grants academic degrees, including M.A.s and Ph.D.s., in fields not covered by the university's professional or other schools.

Contents 1 History 2 Notable alumni 2.1 Economists 2.2 Historians 2.3 Literature 2.4 Philosophers 2.5 Natural scientists 2.6 Performing arts 2.7 Social scientists 2.8 Statesmen 2.9 Visual arts 2.10 Other 3 External links

GSAS began to take shape in the late 19th century, when Columbia, until then a primarily undergraduate institution with a few professional attachments, began to establish graduate faculties in several fields: Political Science (1880), Philosophy (1890), and Pure Science (1892). The graduate faculties, notably, were open to women at a time when many other Columbia schools were not; Columbia College did not become a coeducational institution until 1983. The first Ph.D. awarded by Columbia was handed out in 1882; the first woman to receive one did so in 1886.

The increasing professionalization of the university brought with it an emphasis on the graduate schools, as presidents such as Seth Low and Nicholas Murray Butler sought to emulate the success of German universities during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Indeed, in the effort to produce as many graduate degree-holders as possible, attempts were made to streamline undergraduate life and center academic life in the graduate-focused departments. Such efforts led to resistance among Columbia College administrators and undergraduates, arguably one of the contributing factors in the 1968 protests. Nevertheless, graduate research has flourished at Columbia as a result, and the university has been among the top producers of Ph.Ds in the United States from the inception of the graduate disciplines. In the early 1990s, GSAS and Columbia College faculty were all absorbed into a consolidated Faculty of Arts and Sciences, with familiar complaints among undergraduates and their advocates.

• Arthur Burns - economist, 1934
• Milton Friedman - Ph.D. in economics, 1946

• Jacques Barzun - historian, Ph.D. 1932
• Charles Beard - historian, Ph.D. 1904
• Lawrence Cremin - historian, M.A. 1947, Ph.D. 1949
• Richard Hofstadter - historian, Ph.D. 1942
• James Shenton - historian, Ph.D. 1954

• John Ashberry - poet, 1951
• Isaac Asimov - science fiction writer, M.A. 1941
• Paul Auster - writer, M.A., 1970
• Samuel Behrman - playwright, 1918
• Randolph Bourne - antiwar essayist, M.A. 1913
• Rosemary Casey - playwright, 1929
• Vicki Cobb - childrens' writer, 1960
• Rachel Blau DuPlessis - literary critic, M.A. 1964, Ph.D. 1970
• Jason Epstein - writer, M.A., 1950
• John Erskine - literary scholar, Ph.D. 1903
• John Gassner - drama critic, 1925
• James Goldman - writer, 1952
• William Goldman - screenwriter, 1956
• Naomi Foner Gyllenhaal - screenwriter
• Carolyn Heilbrun - writer, M.A. 1951, Ph.D. 1959
• Joseph Heller - writer, 1949
• Zora Neale Hurston - writer, 1935
• Alfred Kazin - literary critic, 1958
• Kenneth Koch - poet, M.A. 1953, Ph.D. 1959
• Joseph Wood Krutch - writer, M.A. 1916, Ph.D. 1929
• David Lehman - poet, Ph.D. 1978
• Peter Straub - writer, 1966
• Lionel Trilling - literary critic, M.A. 1926, Ph.D. 1938
• Anne Tyler - novelist, 1962
• Mark Van Doren - writer, Ph.D. 1920
• Stark Young - critic and writer, 1902

• Mortimer Adler - Ph.D. in philosophy, 1928
• Arthur Danto - M.A. 1949, Ph.D. in philosophy, 1952
• Irwin Edman - Ph.D. in philosophy, 1919
• Hu Shih - public intellectual in China, Ph.D. 1917

• Jacqueline Barton - chemist, 1979
• Niles Eldredge - paleontologist, Ph.D. 1969
• Stephen Jay Gould - paleontologist, Ph.D. 1967

• Art Garfunkel - musician, 1967
• Will Geer - actor
• Edward Everett Horton - actor, 1909
• John Kander - composer, 1954
• Bernard Malamud - writer, 1942
• Thomas Merton - Catholic writer, 1939
• Anne Paolucci - writer, M.A. 1950, Ph.D. 1963

• Ruth Benedict - anthropologist, Ph.D. 1923
• Theos Casimir Bernard - explorer and religionist, M.A. 1936, Ph.D. 1943
• Kenneth B. Clark - educational psychologist, Ph.D. 1940
• Mamie Phipps Clark - educational psychologist, Ph.D. 1943
• Erica Mann Jong - writer, 1965
• Margaret Mead - anthropologist, Ph.D. 1929

• B. R. Ambedkar - a founding father of India, M.A. 1915, Ph.D. 1928
• Nicholas Murray Butler - diplomat and President of Columbia University, Ph.D. 1884
• Benjamin Cardozo - jurist, M.A. 1890
• Wellington Koo - Chinese diplomat, Ph.D. 1912
• Robert Moses urban planner, Ph.D. 1914
• Frances Perkins, US Secretary of Labor, M.A. 1910
• Brent Scowcroft - M.A. and Ph.D. in international relations, 1967

• Irma Jaffe - art historian, Ph.D. 1966
• Donald Clarence Judd - sculptor, 1961
• Agnes Martin - painter, M.A. 1952
• Meyer Schapiro - art historian, Ph.D. 1929

• Herman Hollerith - inventor, Ph.D. 1890
• Helen Kim - first Korean woman to obtain a Ph.D., 1931
• Sam Levenson - comedian, 1938
• John McCaffery - newscaster
• Madeleine B. Stern - rare book expert, M.A. 1934
• Milton Weston - preacher and activist, Ph.D. 1954

• GSAS website