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Congruence
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Congruent)
Look up congruence in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
As an abstract term, congruence means similarity between objects. Congruence, as opposed to equivalence or approximation, is a relation which implies a kind of equivalence, though not complete equivalence.
In mathematics, congruence is formally represented by a tilde over an equal sign 
, whereas approximation is jointed by the double-tilde 
. In both cases, the single tilde (~) may sometimes be used as a substitute (which may cause confusion due to its usage in logic and computer programming languages for representing negation). Congruence modulo n is usually denoted "≡" (which is also used to denote a definition, which may cause confusion) (see congruence relation for an example).
- In arithmetic, algebra and encryption, congruence refers to a congruence relation.
- In euclidean geometry, congruence refers to the equivalence of shapes. See congruence (geometry).
- In the theory of smooth manifolds, especially in the context of general relativity, congruence refers to the integral curves defined by a vector field.
- In psychology and NLP, congruence could be defined as rapport within oneself, or internal and external consistency, perceived by others as sincerity or certainty.
- An alternative definition of congruence in the work of Virginia Satir, one of the sources of NLP, is the balance between self, other and context.
- In cladistics, congruence is a test of homology, or shared, derived character states, in which the distributions of supposed homologies among taxa are compared for consistency.
- horizontal and vertical congruence, two related principles of grouping
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