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The Cooperative Extension Service, also known as the Extension Service of the USDA, is a non-formal educational program implemented in the United States designed to help people use research-based knowledge to improve their lives. The service is provided by the state's designated land-grant universities. In most states the educational offerings are in the areas of agriculture and food, home and family, the environment, community economic development, and youth and 4-H. The Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service of the USDA administers funding for Smith Lever Act services in cooperation with state and county governments and land-grant universities.

Contents 1 Research Funding 1.1 Hatch Funds 1.2 Multistate Research Projects 1.3 McIntire-Stennis Forestry Research Program 1.4 Animal Health & Disease Research 2 Cooperative Extension System 3 See also 4 External links 5 References

The four CSREES research funding programs for land-grant universities are (1) Hatch, (2) Multistate Research (a subset of Hatch), (3) McIntire-Stennis, and (4) Animal Health.^[1]

The purpose of the Hatch program is to support "research basic to problems of agriculture in its broadest aspects" by

• establishing and maintaining a permanent and effective national agriculture industry (which includes concern for environmental quality),
• promoting sound and prosperous rural life, and,
• improving the welfare of the consumer (e.g., food safety and nutrition).

Twenty-five percent of the funds allocated under the Hatch Act are designated by CSREES for support of Multistate Research Fund (MRF) Projects. These are projects that focus on problems common to two or more states. Suggestions for MRF Projects often originate with the interested scientists; however, directors of the various state agricultural experiment station frequently establish technical committees that are charged with preparing a research project to address broadly recognized problems. Each experiment station director designates the researcher who will represent the station on the technical committee. Individual directors make the decision as to the amount of MRF funds to allocate to a given project for support of research at that station.

The McIntire-Stennis Act^[2] provides for an annual allocation of funds through CSREES for support of research related to forestry (including urban) problems. The basic purpose of the act is to "establish research in forestry as a definite and specific part of the agricultural research programs that are carried out cooperatively by the USDA and the land-grant colleges." The act more specifically defines forestry research as including investigations relating to

• reforestation and management of land for production of timber and related products of the forest, and management of forest and related watershed lands to improve conditions of waterflow and protect resources against floods and erosions;
• management of forest and related rangeland for domestic livestock and game and improvement of food and habitat for wildlife; protection of forest land and resources;

utilization of wood and other forest products; and such other studies as may be necessary to obtain the fullest and most effective use of forest resources.

The Food and Agriculture Act of 1977,^[3] as amended by the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981,^[4] provides funding for research to animal health, which is allocated by formula to colleges of veterinary medicine and state agricultural experiment stations. The act specifies that animal research should

• promote the general welfare through improved health and productivity of domestic livestock, poultry, aquatic animals, and other income-producing animals that are essential to the nation's food supply and the welfare of producers and consumers of animal products;
• improve the health of horses;
• facilitate the effective treatment of, and, where possible, prevent animal and poultry diseases in both domesticated and wild animals which, if not controlled, would be disastrous to the United States livestock and poultry industries and endanger the nation's food supply;
• minimize livestock and poultry losses due to transportation and handling;
• protect human health through control of animal diseases transmissible to humans;
• improve methods of controlling the birth of predators and other animals;
• otherwise to promote the general welfare through expanded programs of research and extension.

This table summarizes the cooperative extension programs in each state. (Under the 1890 amendment to the Morrill Act, if a state's land-grant university was not open to all races, a separate land-grant university had to be established for each race. Hence, some states have more than one land-grant university.)

Cooperative Extension^[5]

State	University	Extension Website
Alabama	Alabama A&M University Auburn University Tuskegee University[6]	Alabama Cooperative Extension System
Alaska	University of Alaska	University of Alaska Cooperative Extension
Arizona	University of Arizona	Arizona Cooperative Extension
Arkansas	University of Arkansas University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff	University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service
California	University of California	University of California Cooperative Extension
Colorado	Colorado State University	Colorado State Cooperative Extension
Connecticut	University of Connecticut	Connecticut Cooperative Extension System
Delaware	University of Delaware Delaware State University	Delaware Cooperative Extension DSU Cooperative Extension
District of Columbia	University of the District of Columbia	University of the District of Columbia Cooperative Extension Service
Florida	University of Florida Florida A&M University	University of Florida IFAS Extension
Georgia	University of Georgia Fort Valley State University	University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
Hawaii	University of Hawaii	University of Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service
Idaho	University of Idaho	University of Idaho Extension
Illinois	University of Illinois	University of Illinois Extension
Indiana	Purdue University	Purdue University Extension
Iowa	Iowa State University	Iowa State University Extension
Kansas	Kansas State University	Kansas State University Research & Extension
Kentucky	University of Kentucky	University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service
Louisiana	Louisiana State University Southern University and A&M College	Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service
Maine	University of Maine	University of Maine Extension
Maryland	University of Maryland University of Maryland Eastern Shore	Maryland Cooperative Extension
Massachusetts	University of Massachusetts	University of Massachusetts Extension
Michigan	Michigan State University	Michigan State University Extension
Minnesota	University of Minnesota	Minnesota Extension Service
Mississippi	Mississippi State University Alcorn State University	Mississippi State University Extension
Missouri	University of Missouri Lincoln University	University of Missouri Extension
Montana	Montana State University	Montana State University Extension Service
Nebraska	University of Nebraska	University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension
Nevada	University of Nevada	University of Nevada Cooperative Extension
New Hampshire	University of New Hampshire	University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension
New Jersey	Rutgers University	Rutgers Cooperative Extension
New Mexico	New Mexico State University	New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension Service
New York	Cornell University	Cornell Cooperative Extension
North Carolina	North Carolina State University North Carolina A&T State University	North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service North Carolina A&T State University Cooperative Extension Program
North Dakota	North Dakota State University	North Dakota State University Extension Service
Ohio	Ohio State University	The Ohio State University Extension
Oklahoma	Oklahoma State University	Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service
Oregon	Oregon State University	Oregon State University Extension Service
Pennsylvania	Penn State	Penn State Cooperative Extension
Rhode Island	University of Rhode Island	University of Rhode Island Cooperative Extension
South Carolina	Clemson University South Carolina State University	Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service
South Dakota	South Dakota State University	South Dakota State University Cooperative Extension Service
Tennessee	University of Tennessee Tennessee State University	University of Tennessee Extension Tennessee State University Cooperative Extension Program
Texas	Texas A&M University Prairie View A&M University	Texas AgriLife Extension Service
Utah	Utah State University	Utah State University Extension
Vermont	University of Vermont	University of Vermont Extension System
Virginia	Virginia Tech Virginia State University	Virginia Cooperative Extension
Washington	Washington State University	Washington State University Extension
West Virginia	West Virginia University	West Virginia University Extension Service
Wisconsin	University of Wisconsin-Extension	University of Wisconsin Extension
Wyoming	University of Wyoming	University of Wyoming Cooperative Extension Service

• List of land-grant universities
• Agricultural extension - international coverage

• CSREES Website

1. ^ http://www.cuaes.cornell.edu/CUAESWeb/funding.htm Retrieved 2007-10-22.
2. ^ PL 87-788
3. ^ PL 95-113
4. ^ PL 97-98.
5. ^ http://www.csrees.usda.gov/qlinks/partners/partners_list.pdf Retrieve 2007-10-22.
6. ^ Although Tuskeegee University has been a private university, it began to receive Cooperative Extension funding in 1972.

v • d • e Agencies under the United States Department of Agriculture

Secretary of Agriculture Deputy Secretary of Agriculture Under Secretary of Agriculture for Natural Resources and Environment Forest Service • Natural Resources Conservation Service Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm and Foreign Agriculture Services Farm Service Agency • Foreign Agricultural Service • Risk Management Agency Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Development Rural Development Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services Food and Nutrition Service • Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food Safety Food Safety and Inspection Service Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and Economics Agricultural Research Service • Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service • Economic Research Service • National Agricultural Library • National Agricultural Statistics Service Under Secretary of Agriculture for Marketing and Regulatory Programs Agricultural Marketing Service • Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service • Federal Crop Insurance Corporation • Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration

v • d • e United States government agencies involved in Environmental science
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Department of the Interior	National Park Service • Fish and Wildlife Service • Bureau of Indian Affairs • Bureau of Land Management • Minerals Management Service • Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation, and Enforcement • Geological Survey • Bureau of Reclamation • Office of Insular Affairs
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration	National Weather Service • National Ocean Service • National Geodetic Survey • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration • National Marine Fisheries Service • Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
Department of Energy	Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy • Energy Information Administration • Federal Energy Regulatory Commission • Biological and Environmental Research • Office of Environmental Management
Department of Agriculture	Farm Service Agency • Foreign Agricultural Service • Risk Management Agency • Food Safety and Inspection Service • Forest Service • Natural Resources Conservation Service • Rural Business-Cooperative Service • Office of Community Development • Rural Housing Service  • Rural Utilities Service • Food and Nutrition Service • Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion • Agricultural Marketing Service • Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service • Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration • Agricultural Research Service • Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service • Economic Research Service • National Agricultural Statistics Service • Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service