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Cootamundra, New South Wales
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Cootamundra New South Wales |
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 Cootamundra Post Office |
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| Population: | 5,486[1] | ||||||
| Established: | 1861 | ||||||
| Postcode: | 2590 | ||||||
| Elevation: | 318 m (1,043 ft) | ||||||
| Location: | |||||||
| LGA: | Cootamundra Shire | ||||||
| County: | Harden | ||||||
| State District: | Burrinjuck | ||||||
| Federal Division: | Riverina | ||||||
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Cootamundra is a town and Local Government Area in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia and within the Riverina. At the 2001 census, Cootamundra had a population of 5,486.[1] It is located on the Olympic Highway at the point where it crosses the Muttama Creek, between Junee and Cowra. Although it is bypassed by the Hume Highway, its railway station is on the Main Southern line, part of the Melbourne-to-Sydney line.
Sir Donald Bradman AC, Australian cricketer universally regarded as the greatest batsman of all time was born in Cootamundra. The town pride in this fact is displayed in general signage and marketing material and the home where The Don was born is a fully restored visitor site open to the public 7 days per week.
Cootamundra is the home of the Cootamundra Wattle (Acacia Bayliana). Every year there is a large 'Wattle Time' Festival (which happens when the wattle starts to bloom) with an art show and festivities.
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The land where Cootamundra now stands is a part of the Wiradjuri tribal lands, and the name Cootamundra is probably derived from the Wiradjuri word guudhamang, meaning "turtle".[2] Absentee squatter John Hurley established a vast squatting run here in the late 1830s. His workers were soon in conflict with local Wiradjuri. In 1839 around Congou Creek, north of Cootamundra, Hurley's men were forced to remove livestock ‘owing to the depredations of the blacks’.[3]
According to a local promotional booklet published in 1972, the placename Cootamundra ‘is derived from an Aboriginal word “Gooramundra” or “Goodamundry”, the meaning of which is given variously as “turtles”, “marsh or swamp”, “low lying”.’ Recent linguistic research reveals the original placename as being ‘Gudhamangdhuray’, a Wiradjuri name for an area of Muttama Creek swampland and for the local clan. ‘Gudhamang’ is a species of freshwater turtle, possibly the eastern snake-necked turtle, and the suffix ‘-dhuray’ means ‘having’ or ‘with’. Like other Australian Aboriginal groups or individuals who identify with a particular species, Gudhamangdhuray clanspeople probably saw freshwater turtles as kin, as family to care for and receive life from, descended from the same ancestral Dreaming figure as themselves.[4] According to explorer and anthropologist Alfred Howitt, the ‘Kuta-mundra’ clan was a major Wiradjuri group between the southern tablelands in the east and the western Riverina plains. Howitt recorded the meaning of ‘Kuta-mundra’ as ‘river turtle’. The swampy place on Muttama Creek where colonists established the town of Cootamundra, he noted, was the heart of Gudhamangdhuray clan territory.[5]
It is likely that at the time of British colonisation, freshwater turtles were ecologically, socially, and spiritually significant to Gudhamangdhuray people. Local people took responsibility for nurturing turtle populations in Muttama Creek swampland. In return, freshwater turtles gave life and identity to people. Hunting was forbidden there by law, allowing populations of the reptiles to flourish undisturbed. In good seasons, the animals spread beyond sanctuary boundaries into areas where turtle hunting was permitted. During droughts and other disruptive natural events, sanctuary law ensured turtles survived to repopulate local waterways.
Mary Gilmore grew up southwest of Cootamundra at Brucedale, in Wiradjuri country near Wagga Wagga. In the winter of 1878, she moved to Cootamundra to begin her working life assisting her uncle, George Gray, a Cootamundra schoolteacher. The writer and poet explained how Wiradjuri applied sanctuary laws to protect and nurture animals and plants. Places reciprocated the protection and life people gave to other species and local ecologies: 'All billabongs, rivers, and marshes were treated as food reserves and supply depots by the natives. The bird whose name was given to a place bred there unmolested. The same with plants and animals. Thus storage never failed.'[6]
Cootamundra was incorporated as a township on August 9, 1861, and the first settlers bought their lots in early 1862. Like many other towns in the Riverina, it was originally populated by those attracted by the gold rush of the 1860s, but became a quiet yet prosperous agricultural community after the local deposits were exhausted.
The development of the town, especially after the arrival of the Great Southern Railway in 1877, brought dramatic social and ecological changes. In 1896 a journalist visiting Cootamundra noted that the swampland was ‘now drained by the growth of the town.’ He described how the life of the turtle swamp had vanished: Few, indeed, of the travellers who happened to camp near the site of the present town some thirty years ago only, and who were wont to be lulled to sleep by the sibilant sounds of insect life and the nocturnal croakings of the festive bull-frog, issuing from the swamp close by, could dream that the evolution of time has brought about such a change as has taken place here. The lake is dried up, the voice of the turtle and the quack of the wild duck is no longer heard in the land, the bull-frog is silent, and on the scene of these midnight revels has sprung up with remarkable rapidity a splendid town, of which more anon.[7]
Wiradjuri survivors of disease and violence maintained links with Cootamundra throughout the nineteenth century. James Gormly mentioned ‘the blackfellows camp, which stood near Mr. Hurley’s Cootamundra station’ in the 1850s.[8] When the Great Southern Railway arrived several decades later, agricultural development and closer settlement displaced Wiradjuri people from pastoral station campsites. Ecological fragmentation and the local extinction of many food species made life a struggle. Sanctuary law protecting turtles in Cootamundra swampland and other species elsewhere could no longer be enforced. Dispossessed and hungry families gathered at a fringe camp on the outskirts of Cootamundra. ‘Arranged with police to help me get the children tomorrow’, Warangesda missionary John Gribble noted in his diary after arriving in Cootamundra in January 1882. The missionary took fourteen ‘mostly young Natives’ to Warangesda, the Cootamundra Herald reported, far southwest beside the Murrumbidgee River. In the Cootamundra camp, Gribble faced strong opposition from elders: Feb. 1st. Rose early. Albert and I sought and found out blacks camp. Found about 30 men, women, and children, all in a sad state of semi-nakedness and hunger. Gave a man some money to buy bread. Talked kindly to all about Warangesda. Several seemed willing to go. But some of the older ones were very free in opposing my suggestion. I hope to get about a dozen away with me. Perhaps with help from accompanying policemen, John Gribble overcame the resistance of parents and elders: Friday 3rd. Took 12 poor waifs and strays from Cootamundra to the mission station. All at home gave the newcomers a most hearty welcome.[9]
- 1847 - Cootamundra Run, a large stock run, is the first colonist settlement in the area.
- 1861 - The site of Cootamundry is published in the NSW Government Gazette
- 1862 - Gold mining commences at the nearby Muttama Reef mine.
- 1864 - The first church (Anglican) and post office are established.
- 1875 - The first school in the district opens
- 1877 - Cootamundra's railway connection opens on November 1.
- 1884 - Cootamundra is first gazzetted as a municipality
- 1896 - Cootamundra Cycling Club formed by the Mayor's wife, Alex Johnson.
- 1908 - Donald Bradman (later Sir Donald Bradman) is born in Cootamundra. Bradman is generally acknowledged to be the best ever batsman in the sport of cricket.
- 1942 - On December 3, the HMAS Cootamundra, named for the town, is launched.
- 1982 - In November 1982, the Aviation company Masling Industries was formed. This was restructured in June 1993 after the unfortunated death of the owner.
- ^ a b Cootamundra (Urban Centre/Locality). 2001 Census QuickStats. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved on 2006-06-28.
- ^ McNicol, Sally; Hosking, Dianne (1994). "Wiradjuri", Macquarie Aboriginal Words. Sydney: Macquarie Library, 97.
- ^ Kenneth Mackay, ‘Pioneers of 1837-60’, Sydney Mail, 3 January 1923.
- ^ Deborah Rose, Diana James and Christine Watson, Indigenous Kinship with the Natural World in New South Wales, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville, 2003.
- ^ George Main, Heartland: the regeneration of rural place, UNSW Press, Sydney, 2005.
- ^ George Main, Heartland: the regeneration of rural place, UNSW Press, Sydney, 2005.
- ^ Cootamundra Herald, 25 January 1896.
- ^ James Gormly, ‘Early Days in this District’, Gormly family records, Charles Sturt University Regional Archives, Wagga.
- ^ John B Gribble, 1882 diary, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, MS 1514/1, Item 3.
- Cootamundra Shire Council
- Cootamundra - New Country Living
- Heartland: the regeneration of rural place
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