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Cyclic ADP Ribose
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Cyclic ADP Ribose | |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [] |
| PubChem | |
| MeSH | |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C15H21N5O13P2 |
| Molar mass | 541.301 |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Cyclic ADP Ribose popularly known as cADPR is a cyclic adenine nucleotide (like cAMP) with two phosphate groups present on 5' OH of the adenosine (like ADP), further connected to another ribose at the 5' position which in turn closes the cycle by glycosidic bonding to the Nitrogen1 of the same Adenine base (whose position 9 has the glycosidic bond to the other ribose).
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cADPR is a cellular messanger for calcium signaling. It is the physiological allosteric modulator of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) which stimulates calcium induced calcium release (CICR) at lower cytosolic concentrations. RyR activation with high concentration of caffeine is partly due to caffeins mimicking cADPRs binding to RyRs. Whether the action is by direct binding to RyR or indirect (through binding with FKBP12.6) is debated. Some reports suggest that cADPR binding makes FKBP12.6 which normally binds RyR2, to fall off the RYR2. [1]
cADPR is synthesized by the bifunctional ectoenzymes of the CD38 family (also includes ADP ribosyl cyclase of Aplysia and GPI anchored CD157), from NAD+. The same enzymes are also capable of hydrolyzing it to ADPR. The hydrolysis is inhibited by ATP and this the cyclip form can accumulate.
- ^ Yong-Xiao Wang, Yun-Min Zheng, Qi-Bing Mei, Qinq-Song Wang, Mei Lin Collier, Sidney Fleischer, Hong-Bo Xin, and Michael I. Kotlikoff FKBP12.6 and cADPR regulation of Ca2+ release in smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 286: C538-C546, 2004. First published doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00106.2003
Second messengers: IP3 | NAADP | cADPR
Intracellular calcium store gates: IP3 receptor | Ryanodine receptor | putative NAADP receptor
Calcium pumps and exchangers: SERCA | Na/Ca antiport | Ca/H antiport
calcium binding protein domains: EF hand domain |C2 domain
Calcium based molecular switches, and kinases: troponin c | CaM | CaM kinases | PKC | NCS
Intracellular Calcium chelators (calcium buffers) and calcium sensors: Calbindin | S100 | pervalbumin | Calretinin | Calsequestrin | Sarcalumenin | Phospholamban | Synaptotagmins
Calcium dependent proteases: Calpain
Calcium dependent cytoskeleton remodeling proteins: Gelsolin
Cell membrane calcium channels: VDCC | TRP | NMDA receptor | AMPA receptor | 5-HT3 receptor | P2X Receptor
Calcium regulated chaperones: calreticulin | calnexin
Calcium based adhesion molecules: cadherin
parathormone | Calcitonin | calcium receptor | vitamin D
| Major Families of Biochemicals | ||
| Peptides | Amino acids | Nucleic acids | Carbohydrates | Lipids | Terpenes | Carotenoids | Tetrapyrroles | Enzyme cofactors | Steroids | Flavonoids | Alkaloids | Polyketides | Glycosides | ||
| Analogues of nucleic acids: | Types of Nucleic Acids | Analogues of nucleic acids: |
| Nucleobases: | Adenine | Thymine | Uracil | Guanine | Cytosine | Purine | Pyrimidine | |
|---|---|---|
| Nucleosides: | Adenosine | Uridine | Guanosine | Cytidine | Deoxyadenosine | Thymidine | Deoxyguanosine | Deoxycytidine | |
| Nucleotides: | AMP | UMP | GMP | CMP | ADP | UDP | GDP | CDP | ATP | UTP | GTP | CTP | cAMP | cADPR | cGMP | |
| Deoxynucleotides: | dAMP | TMP | dGMP | dCMP | dADP | TDP | dGDP | dCDP | dATP | TTP | dGTP | dCTP | |
| Ribonucleic acids: | RNA | mRNA | piRNA | tRNA | rRNA | ncRNA | sgRNA | shRNA | siRNA | snRNA | miRNA | snoRNA | LNA | |
| Deoxyribonucleic acids: | DNA | mtDNA | cDNA | plasmid | Cosmid | BAC | YAC | HAC | |
| Analogues of nucleic acids: | GNA | PNA | TNA | morpholino | |