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- Cytisine (1)
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Cytisine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Cytisine | |
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| Chemical name | (1R-cis)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro- 1,5-metano-8H-pyrido[1,2a][1,5] diazocin-8-one |
| Other names | Cytisine Baptitoxine Sophorine |
| Chemical formula | C11H14N2O |
| Molecular mass | 190.24 g/mol |
| CAS number | [485-35-8] |
| Melting point | 152-153 °C |
| Boiling point | 218 °C at 2 mmHg |
| SMILES | O=c1cccc2C3CNCC(C3)Cn21 |
| Disclaimer and references | |
Cytisine is a toxic pyridine-like alkaloid. Pharmacologically it exhibits similar effects to nicotine due to structural similarity of the two molecules. In large doses it can interfere with respiration and become fatal.
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Plants that contain the alkaloid in various concentrations include those from several genera of the Faboideae subfamily, including Laburnum, Anagyris, Thermopsis, Cytisus, Genista and Sophora. Also present in Gymnocladus of the Caesalpinioideae subfamily.
Cytisine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, and as a pharmaceutical preparation it is available for the treatment of nicotinism. Cytisine derivative varenicline was approved in 2006 as a smoking cessation drug. A 2006 literature review concludes that while trials performed with cytisine itself are mostly of poor quality, there is some evidence that cytisine may be prescribed to aid in smoking cessation.[1]
Plants containing cytisine, including the Common Broom and Mescalbean have also been used recreationally. Positive effects are reported to include a mild intoxication and heightened awareness of color. However this practice is not recommended since negative side-effects can include nausea, vomiting, convulsions, heart pain, headache and in larger doses even death via respiratory failure.
- ^ Etter JF. Cytisine for smoking cessation; a literature review and a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1553-9. PMID 16908787.
- Cytisine.org - The Cytisine Wiki
- Tabex official site Commercial site offering pharmaceutical preparation. Wealth of information on cytisine near the bottom of the page.
- Shaman Australis Cytisine pharmacology and information on substance availability in various plants.
- Erowid Library: Golden Guide Hallucinogenic Plants by Richard Evans Schultes More on the dangerous effects of cytisine on health and respiration.
- The Vaults of Erowid : Legal Highs by Adam Gottlieb Information on recreational use.
- Links to external chemical sources
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