Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases

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Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases (IIDDs), sometimes known as Borderline forms of multiple sclerosis[1], is a collection of multiple sclerosis variants, sometimes considered different diseases[2].

The list of these diseases depends of the author, but usually are included:

As MS is an active field for research, the list is not closed or definitive. For example, some diseases like Susac's syndrome (MS has an important vascular component [5]) or autoimmune variants of peripheral neuropathies like Guillain-Barré syndrome could be included.

Some authors also think that primary progressive multiple sclerosis should be considered a different entity from standard MS[6] [7]. Others maintain the opposite[8].

Finally, also a dual classification of these diseases has been proposed, according to the shape of edges of the scars, in MS-like and ADEM-like[9]

  1. ^ (2001) "[Borderline forms of multiple sclerosis]" (in French). Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 157 (8-9 Pt 2): 929-34. PMID 11787357. 
  2. ^ Wingerchuk DM, Lucchinetti CF (2007). "Comparative immunopathogenesis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis". Curr. Opin. Neurol. 20 (3): 343-50. doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3280be58d8. PMID 17495631. 
  3. ^ Garrido C, Levy-Gomes A, Teixeira J, Temudo T (2004). "[Schilder's disease: two new cases and a review of the literature]" (in Spanish). Revista de neurologia 39 (8): 734-8. PMID 15514902. 
  4. ^ Afifi AK, Bell WE, Menezes AH, Moore SA (1994). "Myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis (Schilder's disease): report of a case and review of the literature". J. Child Neurol. 9 (4): 398-403. PMID 7822732. 
  5. ^ Minagar A, Jy W, Jimenez JJ, Alexander JS (2006). "Multiple sclerosis as a vascular disease". Neurol. Res. 28 (3): 230-5. PMID 16687046. 
  6. ^ Vukusic S, Confavreux C (2003). "Primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis". J. Neurol. Sci. 206 (2): 153-5. PMID 12559503. 
  7. ^ IDressel A, Kolb AK, Elitok E, Bitsch A, Bogumil T, Kitze B, Tumani H, Weber F (2006). "Interferon-beta1b treatment modulates cytokines in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis". Acta Neurol. Scand. 114 (6): 368-73. PMID 17083335. 
  8. ^ Ebers GC (2004). "Natural history of primary progressive multiple sclerosis". Mult. Scler. 10 Suppl 1: S8-13; discussion S13-5. PMID 15218804. 
  9. ^ Poser CM, Brinar VV (2004). "The nature of multiple sclerosis". Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 106 (3): 159-71. PMID 15177764. 


v • d • e
Multiple sclerosis
Signs and symptoms Ataxia · Depression · Diplopia · Dysarthria · Dysphagia · Fatigue · Incontinence · Neurological fatigue · Nystagmus · Optic neuritis · Pain
Diagnosis and evolution following McDonald criteria · EDSS
Investigation Pathophysiology · Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Treatment Interferon · Glatiramer acetate · Mitoxantrone · Natalizumab · Therapies under investigation
Borderline forms Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis · Balo concentric sclerosis · Devic's disease · Guillain-Barré syndrome · Marburg multiple sclerosis · Schilder's disease
Other List of people with multiple sclerosis · List of multiple sclerosis organizations


v • d • e
Nervous system pathology, primarily CNS (G00-G47, 320-349)
Inflammatory diseases
of the CNS		 Meningitis (Arachnoiditis) - Encephalitis - Myelitis - Encephalomyelitis (Acute disseminated) - Tropical spastic paraparesis
Systemic atrophies
primarily affecting the CNS		 Huntington's disease - Spinocerebellar ataxia (Friedreich's ataxia, Ataxia telangiectasia, Hereditary spastic paraplegia)
Spinal muscular atrophy: Werdnig-Hoffman disease - Kugelberg-Welander disease - Fazio Londe syndrome -
MND (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), Progressive bulbar, Pseudobulbar, PLS)
Extrapyramidal and
movement disorders		 Parkinson's disease - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome - Postencephalitic parkinsonism - Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration - Progressive supranuclear palsy - Striatonigral degeneration - Dystonia (Spasmodic torticollis, Meige's syndrome, Blepharospasm) - Essential tremor - Myoclonus - Chorea (Choreoathetosis) - Restless legs syndrome - Stiff person syndrome
Other degenerative /
demyelinating diseases		 Alzheimer's disease - Pick's disease - Alpers' disease - Dementia with Lewy bodies - Leigh's disease - Multiple sclerosis - Devic's disease - Central pontine myelinolysis - Transverse myelitis
Seizure/epilepsy Focal (Simple partial, Complex partial) - Generalised (Tonic-clonic, Absence, Atonic, Benign familial neonatal) - Lennox-Gastaut - West - Epilepsia partialis continua - Status epilepticus (Complex partial status epilepticus)
Headache Migraine (Familial hemiplegic) - Cluster - Vascular - Tension
Vascular Transient ischemic attack (Amaurosis fugax, Transient global amnesia) - Cerebrovascular disease (MCA, ACA, PCA, Foville's syndrome, Millard-Gubler syndrome, Lateral medullary syndrome, Weber's syndrome, Lacunar stroke)
Sleep disorders Insomnia - Hypersomnia - Sleep apnea (Ondine's curse) - Narcolepsy - Cataplexy - Kleine-Levin syndrome
Other Hydrocephalus (Normal pressure) - Idiopathic intracranial hypertension - Encephalopathy - Brain herniation - Cerebral edema - Reye's syndrome - Syringomyelia - Syringobulbia - Spinal cord compression
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_inflammatory_demyelinating_diseases"
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