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Dene Suline language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Dene Suline Dëne Sųłiné |
||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Canada | |
| Region: | Northern Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba; southern Northwest Territories and Nunavut | |
| Total speakers: | 4,000 | |
| Language family: | Na-Dené Athabaskan-Eyak Athabaskan Northern Athabaskan Northwestern Canada Dene Suline |
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | chp | |
| ISO 639-3: | chp | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Dene Suline (also Dëne Sųłiné, Dene Sųłiné, Chipewyan, Dene Suliné, Dëne Suliné, Dene Soun’liné) is the language spoken by the Chipewyan people of central Canada (parts of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut) and is also called Dene. Chipewyan is part of the Athabaskan family and is related to the Navajo language. This language is spoken by 4,000 out of 6,000 ethnic Chipewyans.
Dene Suline is one of the official languages of the Northwest Territories, the others being English, French, Cree, Dogrib, Gwichʼin, Inuktitut, and Slavey.
Contents |
The 39 consonants of Dene Suline:
| Bilabial | Interdental | Dental | Post-alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | plain | labial | ||||||
| Stop | unaspirated | p | t | k | kʷ | ||||
| aspirated | tʰ | kʰ | kʷʰ | ||||||
| ejective | tʼ | kʼ | kʼʷ | ʔ | |||||
| Affricate | unaspirated | tθ | ʦ | tɬ | ʧ | ||||
| aspirated | tθʰ | ʦʰ | tɬʰ | ʧʰ | |||||
| ejective | tθʼ | ʦʼ | tɬʼ | ʧʼ | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | |||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | θ | s | ɬ | ʃ | χ | χʷ | h | |
| voiced | ð | z | ɮ | ʒ | ʁ | ʁʷ | |||
The "velar" fricatives are actually uvular.
Dene Suline has vowels of 6 differing qualities.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Upper-Mid | e | o | |
| Lower-Mid | ɛ | ||
| Low | a |
Most vowels can be either
As a result, Dene Suline has 18 phonemic vowels:
| Front | Central | Back | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | ||
| High | oral | i | iː | u | uː | ||
| nasal | ĩ | ĩː | ũ | ũː | |||
| Mid-upper | |
e | o | ||||
| Mid-lower | oral | ɛ | ɛː | ||||
| nasal | ɛ̃ | ɛ̃ː | |||||
| Low | oral | a | aː | ||||
| nasal | ã | ãː | |||||
Dene Suline also has 9 oral and nasal diphthongs of the form vowel + /j/.
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| oral | nasal | oral | nasal | oral | nasal | |
| High | uj | ũj | ||||
| Mid | ej | ẽj | əj | oj | õj | |
| Low | aj | ãj | ||||
Dene Suline has two tones:
- high
- low
- Chipewyan at Ethnologue
- Our Languages: Dene (Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre)
- history & background
- reservations
- reservation maps
- preservation/revitalization
- alphabet
- grammar
- terms/phrases (includes sound files)
- Cook, Eung-Do. (2004). A grammar of Dëne Sųłiné (Chipewyan). Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics - Special Athabaskan Number, Memoir 17. Winnipeg: Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics. ISBN 0-921064-17-9.
- Cook, Eung-Do. 2006. "The Patterns of Consonantal Acquisition and Change in Chipewyan (Dene Suline)". International Journal of American Linguistics. 72, no. 2: 236.
- De Reuse, Willem. 2006. "A Grammar of Dene Suline (Chipewyan) (Cook)". International Journal of American Linguistics. 72, no. 4: 535.
- Elford, Leon W. Dene sųłiné yati ditł'ísé = Dene sųłiné reader. Prince Albert, SK: Northern Canada Mission Distributors, 2001. ISBN 1896968287
- Gessner, S. 2005. "Properties of Tone in Dene Suline". Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science. Series IV, Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. 269: 229-248.
- Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (Ed.). (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the world (15th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. ISBN 1-55671-159-X. (Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com).
- Li, Fang-Kuei. (1946). Chipewyan. In C. Osgood & H. Hoijer (Eds.), Linguistic structures of native America (pp. 398-423). New York: The Viking Fund.
- Osgood, Cornelius; & Hoijer, Harry (Eds.). (1946). Linguistic structures of native America. Viking fund publications in anthropology (No. 6). New York: The Viking Fund. (Reprinted 1963, 1965, 1967, & 1971, New York: Johnson Reprint Corp.).