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Desflurane
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Desflurane
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-ethane | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | N01 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C3H2F6O |
| Mol. mass | 168.038 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | Not metabolized |
| Half life | Elimination dependent on minute ventilation |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
? |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | Inhalation |
Desflurane (2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-ethane) is a highly fluorinated methyl ethyl ether used for maintenance of general anaesthesia. Together with sevoflurane, it is gradually replacing isoflurane for human use, except in the third world where its high cost precludes its use. It has the most rapid onset and offset of the volatile anaesthetic drugs used for general anaesthesia due to its low solubility in blood.
The major drawbacks of desflurane are its low potency, its pungency and its high cost. It may cause tachycardia and airway irritability when administered at concentrations greater than 1 MAC.
Though it vaporises very readily, it is a liquid at room temperature. Anaesthetic machines use an unusual anaesthetic vaporiser that heats it to generate a gas.
| Boiling point : | 23.5 °C | (at 1 atm) | |
| Density : | 1.465 g/cm³ | (at 20 °C) | |
| Molecular Weight : | 168 | ||
| Vapor pressure: | 88.5 kPa | 672 mmHg | (at 20 °C) |
| 107 kPa | 804 mmHg | (at 24 °C) | |
| Blood:Gas partition coefficient : | 0.42 | ||
| Oil:Gas partition coefficient : | 19 | ||
| MAC : | 6 vol % |
Eger, Eisenkraft, Weiskopf. The Pharmacology of Inhaled Anesthetics. 2003.
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| Barbiturates | Hexobarbital, Methohexital, Narcobarbital, Thiopental |
| Ethers | Diethyl ether,Desflurane, Enflurane, Isoflurane, Methoxyflurane, Methoxypropane, Sevoflurane, Vinyl ether |
| Haloalkanes | Chloroform, Halothane, Trichloroethylene |
| Opioids | Alfentanil, Anileridine, Fentanyl, Phenoperidine, Remifentanil, Sufentanil |
| Others | Alfaxalone, Droperidol, Esketamine, Etomidate, Hydroxybutyric acid, Ketamine, Minaxolone, Nitrous oxide, Propanidid, Propofol, Xenon |
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