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The diabolo (commonly misspelled as diablo, formerly also known as "the devil on two sticks") is a juggling prop consisting of a spool which is whirled and tossed on a string tied to two sticks held one in each hand. A huge variety of tricks are possible using the sticks, string, and various body parts. Multiple diabolos can be spun on a single string.

Diabolos come in different shapes and materials. Large/heavier diabolos tend to retain their momentum for longer, whereas small/light diabolos can be thrown higher and are faster to get spinning quickly. Rubber diabolos are less prone to breakage; metal diabolos can be set on fire using some wick and fuel. One-sided diabolos are also available but are more difficult to use.

Contents 1 History 2 Etymology 3 Basic principles 4 Fundamental tricks 5 Advanced diabolo 6 Multiple diabolos 7 Vertax 8 Contact Diabolo 9 Loop Diabolo 10 Performances 11 External links

Diabolos evolved from the Chinese yo-yo, which was originally standardized in the 12th century. Chinese yo-yos have a long thin axle, with disc-shaped wheels, while the western diabolo is more cone-shaped. For a comparison, see a picture of a diabolo here and a picture of a Chinese yo-yo here.

The diabolo was a favorite toy of physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who was said to be quite good at performing with it. This toy is not to be confused with Maxwell's demon, which is a thought experiment.

The term devil comes from the Greek word diaballo (later diabolo), meaning to throw across. A secondary meaning of diaballo is to slander or to traduce, to talk ill about somebody. Hence the name diabolo has a connection with the Greek name for the devil. The name is the only thing that has a connection to the devil and the diabolo is quite unrelated to any supernatural phenomenon.

The most basic act of diabolo manipulation is to cause the spool to spin whilst suspended from the string. This is commonly achieved by dragging the string across the axle in such a way that the friction causes the spool to roll. By repeatedly lifting one of the handsticks (for right handed people, the driving hand is typically the right), the speed can be increased. This method is known as Pulling.

Further increases in speed are obtained by a variety of techniques including:

• Power whips,
• Chinese acceleration,
• Wrapped orbits/power orbits/Chinese orbits,
• Power Burners,
• Orbit tricks,
• Some Slowicides and Infinite Suicides,

Once speed is built up, the diabolist then typically performs a routine based on the tricks outlined below. The best diaboloists can work these tricks smoothly into one another and keep the diabolo in a constant motion without having to pause to speed up the spin again.

• Toss - the first trick everybody learns is to throw the diabolo up and catch it.
• Trapeze (A.K.A Stopover) - Swing diablo around stick and catch on string.
• Backside - catching the diabolo using the "bottom" of the string.
• Suicide (Stick release) - To temporarily let go of either stick and then catch it again.
• Grind - To balance the diabolo on a stick
• Sun - The diabolo is swung round in a large circle.
• Cradle - The line is tangled to form a shape and the Diabolo itself is tossed on or in the shape.
• Orbit - Diabolo is tossed and caught repeatedly to make it go round,
• Over (bodypart) Orbits (also known as satellites)- Advanced orbits to go around some body part. Primary hand arm and leg are considered the easiest.
• Knot - The line is tangled in a way it creates an illusion that the Diabolo is jammed. It can be released usually with an upwards toss motion.
• Elevator (String climb) - The diabolo "climbs" the string, this is done by whipping the string around the spool and pulling.
• Coffee Grinder - The diabolo is put on the "backside", then a trapeze position is found. From there, the diabolo is tossed multiple times over the stick.

There are hundreds of tricks with thousands of variations which fall outside these categories, these are often more difficult and form the "cutting edge" of diabolo modern routines. Some examples are:

• Genocide - This refers to tricks in which the diabolo leaves the string and is subsequently caught with the string in a suicide.
• Whip (catch) - Diabolo is tossed into air and caught with a whipping motion of the line towards the diabolo.
• Finger Grind - The diabolo is caught on a finger rather than on a stick.
• Infinite suicides - a popular trick in which the diabolo appears to be suspended whilst one handstick orbits it.

Perhaps the most active area of development for diabolo involves tricks with more than one diabolo on a single string. When manipulating multiple diabolos "low", the diabolos orbit continuously on the string in a "shuffle". Shuffles are either synchronous (commonly referred to as "sync") asynchronous ("async") or only using the diaboloist's dominant hand depending on whether the diaboloist's hands' movements occur simultaneously or not. Juggling multiple diabolos "high" involves continuously catching and throwing a number of diabolos, with never more than one diabolo on the string at any one time. Diabolists have pushed the number of diabolos juggled at once up to 6 high (although there is some controversy as to whether this counts as the number of catches achieved is so small) and 3 low. Most diabolists however, stick to two or three. The introduction of multiple diabolos on a single string allows for many new moves. Many are applications of one diabolo moves to multiple diabolos.

• Hyperloop/Sprinkler - The diabolos orbit each other inside a closed loop of string.
• Mini-columns - Two diabolos are manipulated on a string in such a way as to prevent them colliding or orbiting each other.
• Siteswap - A notation borrowed from toss juggling in which the diabolos are thrown in different rhythms based on a numeric description.
• Fan - Two diabolos are spun between the arms in a way which mimics the blades of a fan.
• Sun - The diabolos are swung in a circle
• Knots - Similar to one diabolo knots, but both diabolos are wrapped up
• Stalls - This is where one or both diabolo's are are still spinning but not in shuffle. This allows a diaboloist to do a trick with the other.

Another advanced diabolo style, that has been developed in the more recent years and particularly explored further in the last few months is Vertax (Vertical Axis, sometimes known as Excalibur). This is where the diabolo is 'tipped vertical' by means of 'whipping' and is continually spun in this upright state. Although the number of tricks seems limited, people are finding more ways to perform with this style, including Vertax genocides, passing and many acrobatic moves. It has also been attempted many times to have two diabolos in the vertax style on the same string, although video evidence of this feat is yet to be seen.

A rather new style of diabolo that is on the rise lately which is gaining new popularity. It utilizes the diabolo so that it has little or no spin at all. Then it can be caught and passed and manipulated with different parts of the body instead of just the sticks and string. It has new possibilities and new ideas are arising from this.

Instead of having 2 sticks connected by a string the diabolo is manipulated on a loop of string held around the hands, this opens up a variety of new tricks.

Cirque du Soleil combines diabolos with acrobatics during feature acts in three shows, Quidam, La Nouba, and Saltimbanco.

Circus Smirkus in 2006 presented a duo diablolo act starring Jacob and Nate Sharpe with many advanced tricks including the first double sprinkler pass in a performance as well as some fine 5-diabolo passing.

• Clearly illustrated beginner diabolo instructions
• Diabolotricks.com The foremost diabolo tricks website composing many 1 and 2 beginner and intermediate tricks with animated gifs.
• Diabolo.ca Hosted by Sean Anderson, has the most extensive and current English speaking forum to date for beginners to the world's best.
• Diabolo Primer - Created in 1996 by Elia Berteletti, one of the first sites about the diabolo, teaches you the very basic tricks and mechanisms.
• French Tutorials' A french team !
• The String Society' A web community devoted to skill toys.